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201.
Objectives:The present study assessed the generalizability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to physical activity and to examine if the TPB operates equivalently across gender, age, and ethnic sub-groups.Design/Methods:Measurement equivalence was evaluated for gender (male/female), age (19–34/35–54/55+) and ethnicity (Japanese/Hawaiian or part Hawaiian/Filipino/White) in a random sample (n = 3533) using Multisample Structural Equation Modeling.Results:Measurement equivalence was found for all variables and for their intercorrelations. Of the 100 possible TPB variable relationships between groups, only 6 were significant. The differences were found in explained variances of physical activity.Conclusions:The findings indicate that TPB measures apply over a range of population sub-groups, and should be considered comprehensively when designing interventions. 相似文献
202.
Religiousness has been associated with decreased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are not well characterized. The present study examined the roles of religious beliefs and social support in that relation. A survey measuring religiousness, social support, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts was administered to 454 undergraduate students. Involvement in public, but not private, religious practices was associated with lower levels of both suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempts. Social support mediated these relations but religious beliefs did not. Results highlight the importance of social support provided by religious communities. 相似文献
203.
Fréaadéric Slama MD Bénédicte Dehurtevent MD Jean‐Daniel Even MD Aimé Charles‐Nicolas MD Nicolas Ballon MD PhD Rémy Slama MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(6):720-727
Research on vulnerability factors among ethnic groups, independent of primary psychiatric diagnosis, may help to identify groups at risk of suicidal behavior. French African Caribbean general psychiatric patients (N = 362) were recruited consecutively and independently of the primary psychiatric diagnosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics and lifetime history of suicide attempts were recorded. Sixty‐five patients (18%) had a history of at least one suicide attempt. Presence of professional qualifications, children, poor social contacts, treatment with benzodiazepine at inclusion, and poor treatment compliance were all associated with a lifetime history of suicide attempts. 相似文献
204.
Cynthia A. Claassen PhD Thomas Carmody PhD Robert Bossarte PhD Madhukar H. Trivedi MD Stephen Elliott MD Glenn W. Currier MD MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(6):637-649
Fatal and nonfatal intentional self‐harm events in eight U.S. states were compared using emergency department, hospital, and vital statistics data. Nonfatal event rates increased by an estimated 24.20% over 6 years. Case fatality ratios varied widely, but two northeastern states' total event rates (fatal plus nonfatal) were very high (New Hampshire 206.5/100,000 person years; Massachusetts 166.7/100,000). Geographic context did not uniformly impact the likelihood of self‐harm across event types. The state‐level public health burden posed by such acts cannot, therefore, be accurately estimated from either mortality or morbidity data alone. 相似文献
205.
Martin Voracek DSc DMSc PhD Lisa Mariella Loibl BSc Viren Swami PhD Mona Vintilǎ PhD Kairi Kõtlves PhD Dhachayani Sinniah MD Subash Kumar Pillai MD Subramaniam Ponnusamy MD Gernot Sonneck MD Adrian Furnham DLitt DSc PhD David Lester PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(6):688-698
The genetics of suicide is increasingly recognized and relevant for mental health literacy, but actual beliefs may lag behind current knowledge. We examined such beliefs in student samples (total N = 686) from Estonia, Malaysia, Romania, the United Kingdom, and the United States with the Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale. Cultural effects were small, those of key demographics nil. Several facets of construct validity were demonstrated. Marked differences in perceived plausibility of evidence about the genetics of suicide according to research design, observed in all samples, may be of general interest for investigating lay theories of abnormal behavior and communicating behavioral and psychiatric genetic research findings. 相似文献
206.
Louis A. Perrott PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1986,8(4):279-290
This article describes how psychodramatic techniques can be used in structural family therapy sessions. After a preliminary discussion of the therapist's spontaneity and role functions in both psychodrama and family therapy, specific action techniques are then discussed using case examples. Auxiliary Ego, Role Reversal, Double, Use of Space, Physicalization, Warm-up, Soliloquy, Surplus Reality, and Future Projection are illustrated. 相似文献
207.
Etienne Phipps PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1986,8(3):208-216
The remarried family is vulnerable to sexual tensions between adults and children because of the weakness of generational boundaries and because the emotional tasks confronting the new couple can result in the detouring of conflict through a child. The case presented here demonstrates the use of structural family therapy which included several therapeutic tools not usually associated with a structural approach. These included family and marital history, individual and subsystem work, education, and modeling. Unspoken sexual tensions between stepfather and stepdaughter were interwoven with the structural problems that the family was experiencing. Following three months of therapy, significant shifts were made in the family structure that resulted in clearer and more appropriate boundaries between parents and the identified patient.Appreciation is expressed by the author to David Abelson, MA, Karlotta Bartholomew, PhD, and Joellyn Ross, PhD, for their support. 相似文献
208.
The effect of variations in the presentation of oral contraceptive risk information on perceived safety was investigated. Four tests of the hypothesis that consumers focus on the absolute value of the numbers presented when assessing risk probabilities were performed with the following results: (1) when base rates are given, risks are perceived as less likely than when base rates are not given; (2) risks seem smaller when the information provided focuses on the number that will not die than when the number of expected deaths is presented; (3) contrary to our expectation, respondents do not focus on foreground numbers when risk was represented in an ‘X out of Y occurrences’ format; (4) respondents judged a risk of ‘4.15 times greater’ as less likely than when the information was presented as ‘415% greater risk’. We concluded that consumers convert statistical risk information into judgements about the magnitude of the number presented (small or large number) and utilize this more meaningful information when making risk judgements. 相似文献
209.
Tracey L. Stulberg PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1989,11(1):45-60
This paper provides a perspective on spouse abuse from an ecosystemic approach suggested by second order cybernetics. An attempt is made to demonstrate the interactional basis for an understanding of spouse abuse and to suggest that the failure to use an ecosystemic perspective may result in therapists and other helpers inadvertently exacerbating the problem. Borrowing from the work of Keeney and Bateson, an analysis of the relational aspects of the problem of spouse abuse is provided which illustrates the similar nature of typical intervention strategies to the problem.The ideas discussed in this paper were developed while the author was a therapist at the Family Therapy Clinic at Texas Tech University. Appreciation is expressed to Monte Bobele, Bradford Keeney, and Thomas Conran for the helpful comments and ideas provided during the preparation of this paper. 相似文献
210.
Sandra M. Halperin PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1989,11(3):151-168
This paper reports on exploratory research and therapeutic work with a neglected but highly important family triangle, the grandmother-mother-daughter triangle. Some characteristic relationships are described from a clinical sample of 18 daughters for whom such a triangle was important. The triangle may signal both problems and strengths for therapy and the daughters. 相似文献