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171.
儿童所具有的情绪能力在其以后发展过程中的重要作用,鉴于此,本文在总结国内外研究的基础上编制了儿童情绪表现的教师问卷,通过他评法对汕头市参与做中学科学教育项目的四所幼儿园的277名儿童进行随机抽查,结果显示做中学科学教育课程对儿童在确信度上具有非常显著的积极作用.儿童入园时间越长,代表他所接受的做中学课程培训的时甸也就越长,其确信度得分也越高.  相似文献   
172.
投资行为中的突显、过度自信、高估现象研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋仲玲 《心理科学》2008,31(6):1489-1492,1488
本研究采用知觉突显(物理、熟悉、背景突显)与过度自信及股价估值匹配的测试方法,比较突显是否存在高估及过度自信现象.研究发现物理突显、熟悉、背景突显均存在高估现象、新股民、低学历、女性突显造成的知觉错觉更高;高突显同时具有高过度自信,对熟悉的股票具有高过度自信且估值高,老股民、高学历、男性,过度自信高.  相似文献   
173.
174.
依法管理宗教事务初议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文认为,依法管理宗教事务是政府依法行政的重要组成部分,是一项系统的社会工程,也是一种集约的管理模式。因此,必须重视和解决一些重要的和更为具体的问题:在立法层面,要解决无法可依与有法难依问题,根据宗教领域出现的新情况、新问题,并按照《行政许可法》的要求,加大宗教法制建设力度;在执法层面,要按照依法行政的要求,重视和应对《行政许可法》实施对政府依法管理宗教事务的影响,研究和解决基层宗教事务管理主体的不适格问题,把对宗教事务的管理融入到社会公共事务管理的方方面面,使其成为政府各个部门依法行政的有机组成部分。同时要加强政府宗教事务部门干部队伍建设,提高行政执法水平;在守法层面,要不断提高宗教界人士和宗教信仰者的法律素养,增强他们的法律意识。  相似文献   
175.
    
Vocational interest measurement has long played a significant role in work contexts, particularly in helping individuals make career choices. A recent meta-analysis indicated that interest inventories have substantial validity for predicting career choices. However, traditional approaches to interest inventory scoring (e.g., profile matching) typically capture broad, or average relations between vocational interests and occupations in the population, yet may not be accurate in capturing the specific relations in a given sample. Machine learning (ML) approaches provide a potential way forward as they can effectively take into account complexities in the relation between interests and career choices. Thus, this study aims to enhance the accuracy of interest inventory-based career choice prediction through the application of ML. Using a large sample (N = 81,267) of employed and unemployed participants, we compared the prediction accuracy of a traditional interest profile method (profile matching) to a new machine-learning augmented method in predicting occupational membership (for employed participants) and vocational aspirations (for unemployed participants). Results suggest that, compared to the traditional profile method, the machine-learning augmented method resulted in higher overall accuracy for predicting both types of career choices. The machine-learning augmented method was especially predictive of job categories with high base rates, yet underpredicted job categories with low base rates. These findings have practical implications for improving the utility of interest inventories for organizational practice, contributing to areas such as employee development, recruitment, job placement, and retention.  相似文献   
176.
177.
    
This study investigates how mindsets (i.e., the beliefs that individuals have about the nature of human characteristics) are associated with compulsive buying behavior (i.e., the tendency to buy impulsively and obsessively). In particular, we test the relationships between consumer mindsets, three shopping motivations (deal proneness, social comparison, and hedonic motives) and compulsive buying. Based on a survey of 421 respondents conducted in China, our findings reveal the mechanism through which mindsets affect compulsive buying. The results show that when consumers believe in the consistency of personal traits (fixed mindset), they tend to be more vulnerable to deal offers and social comparison. These motivations increase the desire to seek hedonic pleasure, which is associated with a greater propensity for compulsive buying. However, when consumers believe that personal traits can be changed and developed (growth mindset), they seek hedonic pleasure in shopping, which result in a greater tendency to engage in compulsive buying. The present study adds to the existing body of knowledge by unveiling how different mindsets are associated with compulsive buying. In terms of practical implications, this study provides policy makers and marketers with a better understanding of the different motivations that lead to compulsive buying.  相似文献   
178.
    
We examined whether regulatory fit effects are asymmetric—namely, whether they occur only among individuals with a promotion focus or a prevention focus. We adopted a task where individuals make moral judgments of other-oriented lies and conducted three studies. The results indicated that prevention-focused individuals judged other-oriented lies based on a vigilant strategy as more moral than lies based on an eager strategy (Studies 1 and 2). Meanwhile for promotion-focused individuals, there were no differences between eager and vigilant strategies on moral judgments of other-oriented lies. Additionally, the results suggested that the feeling of rightness is an underlying mechanism of the regulatory fit effects of prevention focus (Study 3).  相似文献   
179.
    
In the hope of complementing the structural perspective in upper echelon research and advancing a fine-grained understanding of dyadic leadership influence in management teams, the current study combines two types of intrateam structures—leadership network and friendship network—to create a multidimensional conceptualization of leadership structure in management teams. Specifically, we propose that management teams with a denser singular leadership network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are not coupled with friendship ties) should have lower management team cohesion, which subsequently renders worse business unit performance. To contrast, management teams with a denser multiplex network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are coupled with friendship ties) should have higher management team cohesion, which subsequently renders better business unit performance. Guided by structural contingency perspective, we further propose that management team task interdependence will strengthen team cohesion's positive impact on business unit performance. To test the hypothesized model, we collected team-level social network data and multiple-wave survey data from 697 managers nested in 148 hotels (i.e., 148 management teams) owned by a large hospitality company. We also obtained objective performance data for each hotel (i.e., occupancy percentage rate and revenue per available room per day) as the criterion measure. The data supported our hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.  相似文献   
180.
    
In this study, we introduce an interval estimation approach based on Bayesian structural equation modeling to evaluate factorial invariance. For each tested parameter, the size of noninvariance with an uncertainty interval (i.e. highest density interval [HDI]) is assessed via Bayesian parameter estimation. By comparing the most credible values (i.e. 95% HDI) with a region of practical equivalence (ROPE), the Bayesian approach allows researchers to (1) support the null hypothesis of practical invariance, and (2) examine the practical importance of the noninvariant parameter. Compared to the traditional likelihood ratio test, simulation results suggested that the proposed Bayesian approach could offer additional insight into evaluating factorial invariance, thus, leading to more informative conclusions. We provide an empirical example to demonstrate the procedures necessary to implement the proposed method in applied research. The importance of and influences on the choice of an appropriate ROPE are discussed.  相似文献   
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