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921.
目的:考察强制戒毒人员的戒毒动机对于复吸倾向的影响机制。方法:使用强制戒毒者复吸倾向性心理调查表、戒毒动机量表、心理韧性量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表对710名强制戒毒人员进行调查。结果:(1)强制戒毒人员戒毒动机负向预测复吸倾向;(2)情绪调节自我效能感中介了戒毒动机和复吸倾向的关系;(3)心理韧性调节了情绪调节自我效能感的中介效应。结论:戒毒动机不仅直接影响强制隔离戒毒人员的复吸倾向,也通过情绪调节自我效能感间接影响强制隔离戒毒人员复吸倾向,心理韧性增强了情绪调节自我效能感对复吸倾向的影响。 相似文献
922.
人性观,即认为人性究竟是本善的还是本恶的,不仅是哲学思辨的焦点,也是日常生活中形成的一种常人理论(lay theory)。对于东西方文化传统的检视表明,西方文化占主导地位的是性恶论人性观,东方文化占主导地位的则是性善论人性观。研究通过实证数据支持了这一结论,发现中国被试相对于美国被试,对于人性的主观评定更倾向于性善的一端(研究1)。这种人性观差异导致中国被试在道德方面,尤其是规范性道德(行善)方面,对人提出了更高的要求(研究1),并且这种因果关系得到了启动实验的支持(研究2)。这些研究结果有助于人们更好地理解文化如何塑造了人们对于人性和道德的看法。 相似文献
923.
Many empirical studies have shown that procedural justice is the key determinant of whether an individual perceives an authority figure as legitimate. However, based on relational models of procedural justice and the uncertainty management model, there is reason to believe that the association between procedural justice and perceived legitimacy may be stronger for individuals who are uncertain about their standing as group members (moderation); this interaction might predict group identification and, in turn, perceived legitimacy (mediation). We tested this mediated moderation model in two experiments (Studies 1a and 1b) and a field study (Study 2) using different operationalizations of standing uncertainty across studies. The results of Studies 1a and 1b demonstrated that the association between procedural justice and perceived legitimacy was stronger for participants with high (vs. low) standing uncertainty. Study 2 showed that group identification mediated the association between this interaction effect and perceived legitimacy. Together, the results of the mediated moderation analysis showed that procedural justice was positively associated with perceived legitimacy through high group identification when standing uncertainty was high. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
924.
Fan Penglai Liu Ruoshuang Grueter Cyril C. Li Fang Wu Feng Huang Tianpeng Yao Hui Liu Dingzhen Liu Xuecong 《Animal cognition》2019,22(1):71-79
Animal Cognition - Vocal individuality is a prerequisite for individual recognition, especially when visual and chemical cues are not available or effective. Vocalizations encoding information of... 相似文献
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926.
Brain-imaging studies report that separate neural correlates are associated with processing of different types of humorous materials. However, such evidence lacks temporal information. In this study, we examined the temporal dynamics of humour comprehension between two types of jokes: semantic (SEMs) and pun (PUNs) jokes, using electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques. Thirty SEMs and 30 PUNs were presented to 16 healthy subjects, and their EEG data were concurrently recorded. PUNs consequently showed a larger N400 amplitude than did SEMs, without a specified scalp site, which implies that PUNs induce greater surprise and semantic violation. Meanwhile, SEMs induced a larger P600-like amplitude at the posterior site, which implies that, in order to understand SEMs, higher working memory loads are needed to form novel associations and successfully frame-shift. A possible explanation is the differing logical mechanisms used to understand SEMs and PUNs: the former builds on semantic relationships, the latter on phonological causality. 相似文献
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928.
Ned Wellman Daniel W. Newton Danni Wang Wu Wei David A. Waldman Jeffery A. LePine 《Personnel Psychology》2019,72(3):337-359
We consider the utility of two contrasting theoretical perspectives in explaining how laissez-faire formal leaders and team member motivation to lead (MTL) influences informal leadership and team task performance. The first perspective, functional leadership theory, is the dominant lens used currently to understand informal leadership. However, we suggest that social learning theory offers a compelling alternative account. In a multiwave survey study of 344 members of 72 work teams, we find support for the social learning theory predictions that laissez-faire formal leaders are perceived by team members to engage in less modeling of effective leadership and as a result are negatively associated with informal leadership and team task performance. We do not find support for the functional leadership theory predictions that laissez-faire formal leaders are positively associated with team members’ informal leadership and team task performance, which would be due to an increased perceived need for leadership. The social learning effects are stronger for teams that are lower in member MTL and weaker for teams that are higher in member MTL. These results suggest social learning theory may be preferable to functional leadership theory for understanding informal leadership in teams. 相似文献
929.
The main purpose of this article is to develop a Bayesian approach for structural equation models with ignorable missing continuous and polytomous data. Joint Bayesian estimates of thresholds, structural parameters and latent factor scores are obtained simultaneously. The idea of data augmentation is used to solve the computational difficulties involved. In the posterior analysis, in addition to the real missing data, latent variables and latent continuous measurements underlying the polytomous data are treated as hypothetical missing data. An algorithm that embeds the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm within the Gibbs sampler is implemented to produce the Bayesian estimates. A goodness-of-fit statistic for testing the posited model is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach is not sensitive to prior distributions and can handle situations with a large number of missing patterns whose underlying sample sizes may be small. Computational efficiency of the proposed procedure is illustrated by simulation studies and a real example.The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR (Project No. CUHK 4088/99H). The authors are greatly indebted to the Editor and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments in improving the paper; and also to D. E. Morisky and J.A. Stein for the use of their AIDS data set. 相似文献
930.