词切分对日-汉和汉-日双语者日语阅读影响的眼动研究*

选取24名日-汉和24名汉-日双语者,采用EyeLink2000眼动仪,探讨日-汉和汉-日双语者阅读有词切分线索的日语文本的眼动特征,研究词切分线索对日-汉和汉-日双语者日语句子阅读的影响。研究包括两个实验。实验一采用三种词切分方式：正常条件、词间空格条件和非词条件。为了确保三种词切分条件下句子的空间分布一致,实验二采用灰条标记作为词或非词的边界。结果表明,日语文本中加入词间空格促进汉-日双语者日语文本的阅读。     

不确定性、情绪对公正判断的影响

本研究以不确定管理模型为理论来源,采用实验法探讨了公正判断中的情绪效应。实验1采用2（两种情绪状态：愉快/愤怒）×4（四种结果：比自己多/一样多/比自己少/不知道）被试间设计。实验2采用2（两种情绪状态：愉快/愤怒）×3（三种程序：有发言权/外显无发言权/无发言权信息）被试间设计。分别考察了分配公正与程序公正判断中的情绪影响。结果发现：不确定性调节了情绪与公平判断之间的关系。当用于公平判断的外部信息不明确时,情绪充当了公平判断的线索。     

先天性音乐障碍的音高空间表征能力研究

利用音高空间表征任务、心理旋转任务和音高辨别任务,探讨先天性音乐障碍者音高空间表征能力、心理旋转加工能力和音高辨别能力。结果发现：先天性音乐障碍组音高空间表征任务标准差、心理旋转任务错误率和音高辨别任务错误率均显著高于控制组。 这些结果表明先天性音乐障碍并非音乐特异性障碍,而是音乐相关性障碍。     

视觉工作记忆中的加工与存储机制:回顾与思考

在视觉工作记忆的研究中,是否可能划分出视觉空间工作记忆和视觉物体工作记忆两个子系统还没有定论.子系统划分成立的基本前提是以特征为存储单位.当前关于存储单位的理论有特征理论、客体理论和双重存储等不同观点,多数视觉信息加工与存储机制的研究支持双重存储说.注意与视觉信息的加工和存储相互影响,因此,加工及存储机制的研究就要在具体的注意水平上进行.     

感恩：积极心理研究的新领域

感恩有助于增强个人的生活幸福感、促进人与人之间的交往,有益于社会生活。随着积极心理学研究的深入,感恩也逐渐受到了国外学者的关注,研究也取得了一定的成果.论文介绍了感恩的界定、测量及其相关因素.提出了在中国文化背景下研究感恩和将感恩研究应用于实践的建议。     

Can an agent's false belief be corrected by an appropriate communication? Psychological reasoning in 18-month-old infants

Do 18-month-olds understand that an agent's false belief can be corrected by an appropriate, though not an inappropriate, communication? In Experiment 1, infants watched a series of events involving two agents, a ball, and two containers: a box and a cup. To start, agent1 played with the ball and then hid it in the box, while agent2 looked on. Next, in agent1's absence, agent2 moved the ball from the box to the cup. When agent1 returned, agent2 told her "The ball is in the cup!" (informative-intervention condition) or "I like the cup!" (uninformative-intervention condition). During test, agent1 reached for either the box (box event) or the cup (cup event). In the informative-intervention condition, infants who saw the box event looked reliably longer than those who saw the cup event; in the uninformative-intervention condition, the reverse pattern was found. These results suggest that infants expected agent1's false belief about the ball's location to be corrected when she was told "The ball is in the cup!", but not "I like the cup!". In Experiment 2, agent2 simply pointed to the ball's new location, and infants again expected agent1's false belief to be corrected. These and control results provide additional evidence that infants in the second year of life can attribute false beliefs to agents. In addition, the results suggest that by 18 months of age infants expect agents' false beliefs to be corrected by relevant communications involving words or gestures.     

Infants' reasoning about others' false perceptions

Prior research suggests that children younger than age 3 or 4 do not understand that an agent may be deceived by an object's misleading appearance. The authors asked whether 14.5-month-olds would give evidence in a violation-of-expectation task that they understand that agents may form false perceptions. Infants first watched events in which an agent faced a stuffed skunk and a doll with blue pigtails; the agent consistently reached for the doll, suggesting that she preferred it over the skunk. Next, while the agent was absent, the doll was hidden in a plain box, and the skunk was hidden in a box with a tuft of blue hair protruding from under its lid. Infants expected the agent to be misled by the tuft's resemblance to the doll's hair and to falsely perceive it as belonging to the doll. These and other results indicate that 14.5-month-old infants can already reason about agents' false perceptions.     

Mood spillover and crossover among dual-earner couples: a cell phone event sampling study

In this study, the authors examined affective experiences of dual-earner couples. More specifically, the authors explored how momentary moods can spill over between work and family and cross over from one spouse to another. Fifty couples used their cell phones to provide reports of their momentary moods over 8 consecutive days. Results show significant spillover and crossover effects for both positive and negative moods. Work orientation moderated negative mood spillover from work to home, and the presence of children in the family decreased negative mood crossover between spouses. Crossover was observed when spouses were physically together and when the time interval between the spouses' reports was short. With this study, the authors contribute to the work and family research by examining the nature of mood transfers among dual-earner couples, including the direction, valence, and moderators of these transfers across work and family domains. The authors also contribute to the event sampling methodology by introducing a new method of using cell phones to collect momentary data.     

中国传统"革命"思想的两个维度及毛泽东的"革命"逻辑

传统中国蕴含着两种“革命”思想的维度:一是圣人救世的“汤武革命”,一是基于压迫而进行反抗的农民起义。这两个维度对于既系统地接受过中国传统的规范性文化教育,同时又深受非规范性文化熏染的毛泽东来说都产生了极大的影响,并形成了他“圣人救世”与“压迫-反抗”的两种“革命”逻辑。这两种具有不同文化气质的“革命”逻辑在毛泽东思想中得以结合的根本基础是他尚变求动的宇宙观和人生观。     

罗马的犹太政策

犹太人只要交纳必需的赋税,只要不威胁国家安全,罗马政府就允许他们按照其祖先的律法生活。犹太人虽然不拥有完全的自治权,但有权裁决内部纠纷,其宗教自由也能够得到罗马政权的保障和宽容。自恺撒为这种政策奠定恰当的法律形式以来,它在基督教获得全面胜利以前具有很强的稳定性。由于有关犹太人的文献在罗马世界的地方文献中保存得最好,考察罗马的犹太政策为我们了解罗马的宗教政策和民族政策提供了独特的视角。