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421.
Mengchen Dong Jan-Willem Van Prooijen Song Wu Yanjun Zhang 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2019,29(1):1-17
Based on Terror Management Theory (TMT), we suggest that spirituality and prosocial attitudes toward money have a similar defensive function in resisting existential anxiety. In mortality salient (MS) situations, both spirituality and prosocial money attitudes afford symbolic immortality by self-transcendent connections. In four studies, we found that activating death awareness weakened people’s subjective love of money (Study 1) and predicted increased spending willingness on prosocial rather than proself goals (Studies 2, 3, and 4). More importantly, MS effects on money attitudes were smaller when people’s trait spirituality was high (vs. low; Studies 1, 2, 3) and when people were primed to experience spirituality (vs. happiness control condition; Study 4). For low spirituality people, the association between MS and prosocial spending also depended on the capacity of money spending to contribute positively to one’s feelings of self-worth (Study 3). Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
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423.
A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted to investigate whether ghrelin level in obese women predicts the quality of life (QOL). A total of 307 subjects fulfilled the criteria: (1) age between 20 and 65 years old, (2) body mass index ≥27 kg/m2 (3) waist circumference ≥80 cm were enrolled in the study. All subjects were assigned to one of the plasma ghrelin level categories according to the quartiles. The median of age and BMI of the 307 obese women were 45 ± 18 years and 29.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. The main outcome evaluated is the associations of plasma ghrelin level and QOL, which were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results of linear trend test show significant statistical difference in plasma lipoproteins (triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholestero and LDL-cholesterol = and levels of obesity-related hormone peptides, including leptin, adiponectin, insulin among quartiles of ghrelin. Multiple liner regression analysis of serum obesity-related hormone peptide level and QOL using stepwise method shows ghrelin concentration was the only predictor of QOL, including PCS-12 level (β = ?0.18, p = 0.001), MCS-12 level (β = ?0.14, p = 0.009), WHOQOL-BREF scores: physical (β = ?0.13, p = 0.03), psychological (β = ?0.16, p = 0.007), social (β = ?0.21, p?= < 0.001), and environmental (β = ?0.22, p?= <0.001), after adjusting other factors for obese female subjects. This study demonstrated that ghrelin concentration is strongly associated with QOL level among obese women. Hence, ghrelin concentration might be a valuable marker to be monitored in obese women. 相似文献
424.
Position effects are frequently reported in experiments that investigate the recognition of items from briefly exposed stimulus matrices. A reliable finding is the ability to report items from the first row of the matrix more accurately than from the second row. The present experiments explore whether this position effect depends upon the selection criterion used to indicate the subgroup of items that has to be reported in a given trial. In Experiment 1, German and Chinese participants were presented with language-specific items which had to be selected by column. In Experiment 2, Germans were presented with Latin letters and the selection criterion was letter color. A strong row effect was evident in both experiments although the selection criteria did not prompt a line-by-line grouping of the items. The row effect is seen as a manifestation of top-down processing that is derived from reading habits. 相似文献
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426.
聋生听力状况与读写成绩及认知能力关系的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究聋生听力状况与其读写成绩及认知能力的关系,本文以聋校中年级学生为对象,采用实验的方法进行研究.结果表明:从总体上讲,聋生的听力损失、补偿情况与其读写成绩及认知能力之间均不存在显著的正相关.聋生认知、读写能力的差异,并不能由其听力损失、听力补偿情况进行简单的回归预测.研究建议:聋校老师在对聋生进行教育的时候,不要带着偏见去看待中重度听力残疾的聋生,要采取有效方法,来提高他们的认知能力和读写成绩. 相似文献
427.
心理健康评估发展现状与心理力量评估(MSA)系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在界定、判断、干预心理健康问题时,目前常用的工具主要分为单一症状问卷(如抑郁,强迫,焦虑量表等),以及综合性心理健康量表(如SCL-90,MMPI等),但两者能提供的信息与支持均很有限.在实际应用过程中,人们亟需可靠性更强、精准度更高、适用范围更广的评估系统,可以同时满足健康普查、筛选和常见心理疾病诊断的需要,为心理咨询和治疗过程提供更有力的支持.本文介绍新开发的心理力量评估(MsA)系统,包括其三层进阶分析框架:1)社会功能评估,2)临床症状排查,3)症状原因分析,或称为心理动因分析.为尽量减少答题者的主观不适,系统项目语言经过反复精确提炼,并采用计算机在线测评方式,不仅实现快速、标准化的多人同时评估,而且有效地保护个人隐私和信息安全.系统在海内外企业和国内高校的前期使用反应良好,验证其良好的信、效度水平. 相似文献
428.
脑科学研究表明,分类中对物体的知觉表征激活颞下叶皮层和颞中区等区域;语义表征激活前额皮层等。语义加工和知觉表征相互作用的脑机制表现为额区与视觉区域间信息的传递、提取。分类策略主要有规则策略和相似性策略两种。规则策略激活额区等广泛区域;相似性策略与视觉区域相关,包含着对个别样例的记忆过程。基于以上研究结果,本文从学习材料的表征和对材料进行表征时的策略两个方面为思维教学提出了一些建议。 相似文献
429.
Yujia Song 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2015,18(3):437-451
430.
We document an apparently widespread violation of dominance in the horse‐racing betting market in the UK, and use the systematic variation in the incidence of this violation to estimate the consumption value of gambling. Betting‐shop gamblers in the UK face a tax on gambling of 10%, but have the choice of paying the tax either at the time of wager or on any return on a successful bet. It can be shown, however, that the latter act is strictly dominated by another action in which tax is paid on the wager. Despite this, more than 18% of bets appear to be placed by gamblers who choose to pay tax on the return. We explore the hypothesis that this apparent violation of rationality may be explained by a component of utility which represents the consumption value of gambling, which in turn varies with the amount wagered. We then estimate this component from a dataset consisting of a record of 25,000 individual bets using probit analysis of the tax decision. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献