An image is worth a thousand words: why nouns tend to dominate verbs in early word learning

Nouns are generally easier to learn than verbs (e.g., Bornstein, 2005; Bornstein et al., 2004; Gentner, 1982; Maguire, Hirsh-Pasek, & Golinkoff, 2006). Yet, verbs appear in children's earliest vocabularies, creating a seeming paradox. This paper examines one hypothesis about the difference between noun and verb acquisition. Perhaps the advantage nouns have is not a function of grammatical form class but rather related to a word's imageability. Here, word imageability ratings and form class (nouns and verbs) were correlated with age of acquisition according to the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) (Fenson et al., 1994). CDI age of acquisition was negatively correlated with words' imageability ratings. Further, a word's imageability contributes to the variance of the word's age of acquisition above and beyond form class, suggesting that at the beginning of word learning, imageability might be a driving factor.     

Differential item functioning of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale in the US and China: Measurement bias matters

Using an item‐response theory‐based approach (i.e. likelihood ratio test with an iterative procedure), we examined the equivalence of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) in a sample of US and Chinese college students. Results from the differential item functioning (DIF) analysis showed that the RSES was not fully equivalent at the item level, as well as at the scale level. The two cultural groups did not use the scale comparably, with the US students showing more extreme responses than the Chinese students. Moreover, we evaluated the practical impact of DIF and found that cultural differences in average self‐esteem scores disappeared after the DIF was taken into account. In the present study, we discuss the implications of our findings for cross‐cultural research and provide suggestions for future studies using the RSES in China.     

心算加工中tie effect的加工机制

tie effect主要表现为tie比nontie更快更准确解决,以及tie/nontie与问题大小的交互作用,较大题目的tie比nontie具有更明显的反应时优势,tie的问题大小效应比nontie要小的多。有关tie effect加工机制的解释主要有基于编码的理论和基于结果通达的理论。目前的研究主要通过操作问题呈现方式以及报告加工策略的方法分别考察编码方式及加工策略的影响,今后研究应开拓新的研究范式以加深对其加工机制的认识。     

变革型领导如何影响员工的工作结果：一个有中介的调节作用分析

本文通过对426名在职人员的调查,探讨了变革型领导对工作绩效与满意度的影响机制。最后采用SPSS 13.0和Lisrel 8.7 对数据进行多层级线性回归分析,并依据温忠麟等（2006）的统计步骤分析了有中介的调节作用,得到如下结果：（1）在控制了年龄、性别与任职年限之后,自我效能在变革型领导与工作绩效、工作满意度之间都起部分中介作用;（2）核心工作特征在变革型领导与工作绩效之间起调节作用,调节作用需要通过自我效能作为中介变量。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义。     

焦虑症状的绘画评定研究

目的:利用回归分析探讨绘画测验对焦虑状态的评定作用。方法：对290名被试实施了房子-树-人绘画投射测验和Scl90焦虑分量表测验,结果：在所考察的11种绘画特征中,有5种对焦虑具有预测性。可以建立绘画特征对焦虑进行预测的回归方程,方程具有中等程度的解释水平。两名主试评价的Kappa一致性系数均达到较高水平。结论：可以通过绘画测验评定和预测焦虑,焦虑症状的绘画测验方法具有较好的评分者信度。     

Exploring the links between personality traits and motivations to play online games

The present study explores the links between personality traits and motivations to play online games. We identified the underlying dimensions of motivations to play online games, examined how personality traits predict motivation, and investigated how personality traits predict online gaming behavior (i.e., playing time and preference for game genres). Factor analyses identified five motivational factors: relationships, adventure, escapism, relaxation, and achievement. The regression analyses indicated that two personality traits, extraversion and agreeableness, predicted various motivations; however, personality traits did not affect the playing time and game genre preference.     

成就目标、学业情绪及学业成绩的关系研究述评

成就目标(Achievement Goal)是个体对从事成就活动的目的或意义的知觉,学业情绪(Academic Emotion)是指与学业学习、班级指导和学业成就直接相关的各种情绪。成就目标与学业情绪相互作用,即成就目标会影响学生的学业情绪,学业情绪反过来也会影响成就目标。同时,成就目标和学业情绪对学生的学业成绩具有综合预测作用,学业情绪在成就目标和学业成绩间起中介作用。未来研究的方向主要在于深入探讨成就目标与更细分的学业情绪的关系,以及成就目标、学业情绪和成绩之间的相互作用。     

高校大学生人际敏感与社交焦虑相关因素分析

目的:分析比较大学生人际困扰、社交焦虑和心理症状的现状与影响,为大学生心理健康教育提供见解。方法:采用自制大学生压力源情况调查表,症状自评量表,社交回避及苦恼量表对大一、大二、大三共1291名大学生进行了测查。结果:人际关系困扰各年级总检出率为27.2%;大二和大三人际敏感因子均分高于大一,女生得分高于男生,并有显著差异;社交苦恼因子和总均分高于常模,存在差异显著性(P<0.05),总体社交回避及苦恼与抑郁、强迫、焦虑等心理症状有显著正相关,并有统计学意义。结论:人际困扰、人际敏感症状存在年级、性别差异,和典型表现形式;社交回避及苦恼可导致不同类型心理症状。     

从司徒雷登看传教士和传教运动

司徒雷登是近代基督教传教士的典型人物。他一生做了两件对中国社会有影响的大事,一是办教育,尤其是成功创办燕京大学,获得中美各界赞誉;二是当美国驻华大使,以失败告终。他在中国办教育、出任大使,是为了同一个目的:以基督教精神改造中国。他爱中国,但更爱美国。他努力融合中西文化,提倡基督教本色化。从司徒雷登身上,可以看出:中国近代基督教传教运动是列强对外扩张的组成部分,而传教士往往是出于宗教热情参与其中。传教士主观上是传教,客观上促进了中西文化交流。今天,在殖民体系崩溃、全球经济一体化、区域文化多元化的时代背景下,依附于殖民体系的"差传"模式已成历史,取而代之的只能是相互交流和合作。     

回族穆斯林"尔曼里"文化解析

尔曼里作为回族文化的一部分,有着多元的文化类型,是伊斯兰教中国本土化的产物,在中国回族多元教派门宦的社会中,尔曼里具有着地域性和教派门宦的特征,其多元的文化类型是回族人多元认同的中国化表达。笔者认为,尔曼里作为一种回族民俗与宗教兼顾的族群行为,其形成的特定场景和历程决定着这一华俗存在的合理性。