社会逆境感知对大学生攻击行为的影响:反刍思维与领悟社会支持的作用

为探讨社会逆境感知对大学生攻击行为的影响机制,选取577名大学生为被试,采用社会逆境感知问卷、大学生攻击行为量表、反刍思维量表及领悟社会支持量表进行测试。结果表明：（1）社会逆境感知对大学生攻击行为有显著的正向影响,并间接地通过反刍思维对大学生攻击行为产生作用;（2）领悟社会支持在社会逆境感知对大学生反刍思维的影响中起显著的调节作用,具体而言,在低领悟社会支持水平下,社会逆境感知对大学生反刍思维的预测作用更强,而在高领悟社会支持水平下,社会逆境感知对大学生反刍思维的预测作用不显著。     

The role of storytelling in advertising: Consumer emotion,narrative engagement level,and word‐of‐mouth intention

This experimental study with a national online sample (n = 300) tested the effects of storytelling in radio advertisements on participants' positive emotional responses and intentions to share information about the product, depending on audiences' narrative engagement level. Treatments included a commercial for a fictitious brand of luggage using a story told by the founder of the company, another version of the same commercial manipulated so the speaker was a customer of the company, and a control stimulus consisting only of information about the product. Results showed that narrative transportation and narrative preference are positively associated with favorable responses toward ad. Stories elicited more favorable emotional responses and had some effect on participants' intention to share information about the product by word‐of‐mouth. This was especially true among participants hearing the founder's story. Results support previous assumptions about the power of storytelling in advertising, including distinctions regarding the identity of the speaker (founder vs. customer).     

How to save the wounded self: Power distance belief's moderation of self‐identity threat and status‐related consumption

There is ample evidence in the relevant literature to show that self‐identity threat affects consumers' behavior, psychological needs, purchasing behavior, and product choice. The present research takes self‐identity threat to another level with a focus on the moderating role of power distance belief (PDB) in the relation to self‐identity threat and status consumption. The research involves two studies. Study 1 shows that threatened participants with a high PDB prefer status goods to nonstatus goods. By contrast, the low‐PDB group is indifferent to the status of goods. Study 2 reexamines the results of Study 2 with different participants and goods and tests the moderated mediation of symbolic compensatory need in the status consumption of high‐PDB participants. The results and implications of our findings are presented in the Discussion section.     

基于脑结构像的精神分裂症机器学习分类

将机器学习应用于精神疾患的临床和基础研究是近年来的趋势。研究者将机器学习应用于精神分裂症患者及高危人群的T1加权像和弥散张量成像的脑影像数据中, 为了解疾病的生理病理学机制提供帮助。回顾以往研究发现额叶及颞叶的脑结构特征具有较高的区分能力, 行为数据和脑影像数据结合的分类效果优于单模态数据。现阶段研究存在样本量不足和泛化能力欠缺的局限, 未来研究应注意扩大样本量、制定标准化的分类方法, 从而进一步探究机器学习在精神疾患中的作用。     

CNI模型在道德决策研究中的应用

道德决策是指个体面临两种或两种以上道德观或道德需求之间的冲突时, 对行为和行为结果进行利弊权衡并做出最终选择。道德两难困境是研究道德决策的经典范式, 而传统道德两难困境范式受到诸多质疑, 道德两难困境的不现实性及缺乏有效指标量化功利论和道义论倾向, 无法对道德决策进行准确解释。针对传统道德两难困境范式不足, 道德决策CNI模型通过多项式建模的方法, 分别计算个体对结果(Consequences)的敏感性、对道德规范(moral Norms)的敏感性以及个体的行为反应偏好(Inaction versus action), 能够更清晰的识别影响道德决策的重要因素。未来研究应围绕影响道德决策的其他因素、道德情境的生态效度以及跨文化适用性等方面继续完善CNI模型, 并进一步探索道德决策的潜在心理机制。     

Preventing Teen Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault through Bystander Training: Intervention Outcomes for School Personnel

The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of exposure to Bringing in the Bystander—High School Curriculum (BITB-HSC) on school personnel, which included a seven session classroom curriculum for ninth through twelfth graders (student curriculum), a bystander training workshop for school personnel (school personnel workshop), and reading materials (handout). We examined how exposure to these various BITB-HSC intervention components was associated with school personnel's knowledge and bystander efficacy, intentions, and barriers specific to student relationship abuse (RA) and sexual assault (SA). Participants were 488 school personnel from 12 high schools in upper New England who completed the 4-month follow-up survey that assessed for intervention exposure (284 participants completed both the baseline and follow-up survey). Whereas 53% of participants were exposed to no intervention components, the other half of the sample were exposed to a combination of intervention components. Higher baseline knowledge and reactive bystander intentions were associated with subsequent exposure to both the student curriculum and the handout, and fewer barriers to bystander action predicted exposure to the school personnel workshop. Exposure to the school personnel workshop, student curriculum, and handout was associated with subsequent greater knowledge, exposure to the student curriculum predicted reactive bystander intentions, and exposure to the handout predicted higher reactive bystander intentions and bystander efficacy. Findings suggest that despite challenges with engagement, exposure to the BITB-HSC components may be a useful tool in improving school personnel's responses to RA and SA among high school students.     

西方观念与道家思想的亲和--严复道家研究剖析

严复以西方的进化论和民主、自由等观念对道家的某些思想作了阐发。他作的这种阐发,实际上是以老庄著作为载体,会通中西思想文化,形成了独特的“以西释中的解读方式,这种解读方式,为近代道家思想的研究开辟了一条新的途径。     

对以类别为基础的归纳推理的几种理论模型的评价

当前关于以类别为基础的归纳推理理论模型大致可以分为两种：强调相似性作用的归纳推理的理论模型和强调知识作用的归纳推理的理论模型。前者能较好的解释人们在知识贫乏领域的归纳推理现象,而后者则能够较好的解释人们在知识丰富领域的归纳推理现象。     

“病人选医生”是推动医院改革的重大突破

随着卫生部《关于实行病人选医生促进医疗机构内部改革的意见》文件的下发,病人选医生已经成为加快医疗卫生机构改革的一个重大突破;具体分析它在深化医疗卫生机构改革过程中实现了几个方面的重大突破：一是病人选医生是建立新型的医患关系的重大突破;二是确立“以病人为中心”的服务模式的重大突破;三是建立一种新型的评价体系的重大突破;四是建立新型医疗劳动个人收入分配制度的重大突破。