青年学生价值目标结构的研究

本研究在文献分析的基础上,结合国外已有相关量表,通过访谈、开放式问卷等方法,构建了我国青年学生价值目标理论维度,并据此编制了青年学生价值目标量表,对量表进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明,青年学生价值目标包括6个维度：和平和安宁的价值目标、友谊和真爱价值目标、刺激和享乐价值目标、名望和权力价值目标、自我实现与发展价值目标、奉献价值目标。     

江西省新型农村合作医疗试点工作实行项目管理的实践

江西通过贵溪市、余江县5%农村人口医疗消费调查和7个试点县的基线调查,分别制定了省和试点县新型农村合作医疗试点工作的项目管理方案;并在强化政府责任,建立合作医疗管理体制,提高卫生院服务能力,实行合作医疗费用公示制度,加强信息交流,及时出台指导性、纠偏性政策等进行方面了实践,取得了试点工作进展顺利,农民受益和满意.建议加强基金的管理,加大对农村卫生的投入,增加筹资总量,尽早启动医疗救助资金.     

对西部地区发展宗教旅游的思考

宗教旅游是市场规模大、需求稳定的优质旅游客源市场,西部地区拥有发展宗教旅游的良好基础.但是,从整体来看,西部地区宗教旅游业不仅竞争优势缺乏,而且比较优势并不明显.因此,应该从比较优势与竞争优势的关系出发,大力提升西部地区宗教旅游业的竞争优势.     

丘处机"济世"人格的审美意蕴--全真道审美人格建构(之二)

"济世"是丘处机一生的主要人格特征,它包含三方面内容:积功累德,自善其身;拯世济民,兼善天下;悲天悯物,兼济苍生.丘处机之"济世"根源于人之"善心",仁爱慈善、珍爱一切生命是它的精神内核.丘处机"济世"人格的形成是其立足道教,吸纳儒家思想的结果,包蕴着深刻而丰富的人文内涵,体现出全真道以善求真、以善合真、真善结合的审美追求.本文试图从对丘处机"济世"人格的剖析中,探求全真道的宗教美学思想.     

社会游戏情境在幼儿遮挡绘画中的作用

该研究以90名4—5岁幼儿为被试,考察了遮挡方式、社会性游戏情境以及年龄对幼儿遮挡绘画的影响,结果表明：(1)幼儿遮挡绘画表征策略的发展不是以“全”或“无”的方式进行的,而是多种策略并存;(2)部分遮挡、完全遮挡这两种遮挡方式的难易程度有很大的差异;(3)设置社会性游戏情境提高了幼儿遮挡绘画的表征策略水平;(4)与年龄相关的成熟水平是影响儿童遮挡绘画表征水平的重要因素。     

第二语言语义提取中的工作记忆效应

本文报告一项针对工作记忆容量是否制约中国英语学习者第二语言语义提取效率的实验。实验考查了工作记忆广度中的个体差异是否抑制学习者对第二语言单词语义信息的提取问题,还探索了工作记忆广度和第二语言词汇知识水平的相关性。研究以通用容量工作记忆模型为基础,采用运算广度的工作记忆测试,得出工作记忆广度对单词语义信息的提取没有显著抑制作用的结果。结果还显示工作记忆广度与第二语言词汇知识水平之间没有显著的线性关系。     

An Investigation of Taiwanese Female College Students' Sexist Attitudes

This study is an investigation of sexist attitudes of 940 Taiwanese female college students. Participants completed a Chinese version of the Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS) as part of a larger study. Twelve women with the highest sexist attitude scores and 12 women with the lowest scores were interviewed individually. Results showed significant main effects due to age and grade point average (GPA) for responses to the SATWS. Students majoring in musicand interior design had higher mean scores than did students in four other majors. To examine differences further, items rated highest and lowest by students in four other academic major groups were identified and compared. Implications and research recommendations are presented.     

论执行功能及其发展研究

执行功能(executive function,EF)是一个还没有明确定义的概念,但又是一个重要的概念,通常是指个体对思想和行动进行有意识控制的心理过程。目前的主要观点包括神经心理学观点、抑制控制理论、高级认知能力理论(包括工作记忆理论、抑制及工作记忆理论)和认知复杂性和控制理论。主要的研究任务类型包括卡片分类任务、延迟反应任务、基于Stroop任务的冲突反应模式任务、心理理论任务、问题解决任务、“热”执行功能任务等。未来的研究应着重弄清执行功能的本质,结合认知神经科学阐明其与脑神经结构和功能的关系,并从区分“冷”执行功能和“热”执行功能的角度,探讨以情感激活为特点的“热认知”在执行功能中的作用。     

Genetic architecture of context processing in late middle age: more than one underlying mechanism

Studies comparing young and older adults suggest a deficit in processing context information as a key mechanism underlying cognitive aging. However, the genetic architecture of context processing has not been examined. Consistent with previous results, we found evidence of functionally dissociable components of context processing accuracy in 1127 late middle-aged twins ages 51-60. One component emphasizes use of context cues to prepare responses (proactive cognitive control), and the other emphasizes adjustment of responses after probes are presented (reactive control). Approximately one-quarter of the variance in each component was accounted for by genes. Multivariate twin analysis indicated that genetic factors underlying two important components of context processing were independent of one another, thus implicating more than one underlying mechanism. Slower reaction time (RT) on noncontext processing trials was positively correlated with errors on the strongly proactive control component on which young adults outperform older adults, but RT was negatively correlated with errors on the strongly reactive control component on which older adults perform better. Although this RT measure was uncorrelated with chronological age in our age-homogeneous sample, slower RT was associated with performance patterns that were more like older adults. However, this did not generalize to other processing speed measures. Genetic correlations, which reflect shared genetic variance, paralleled the phenotypic correlations. There was also a positive genetic correlation between general cognitive ability and accuracy on the proactive control component, but there were still mostly distinct genetic influences underlying these measures. In contrast, the reactive control component was unrelated to general cognitive ability.     

Can unpredicted outcomes be intended? The role of outcome-beliefs in children's judgments of intention

An adult-like concept of intention includes a deliberate action to achieve a goal and a belief that one's action (if successful) will cause the desired outcome. For example, good outcomes caused by accident or by chance are not believed to be caused intentionally. In two experiments, we asked whether children understand this connection between intentions and outcomes. Children played two games in which actions could produce unintended outcomes (i.e., causes were unplanned). Children sometimes received a desirable reward independent of intention. In Experiment 1, 4- and 5-year-olds mistakenly claimed they had intended the desirable outcome even when it was unexpected. Four-year-olds judged that they had not intended a deliberate action if it did not yield a rewarding outcome. Experiment 2 demonstrates that 6-year-olds seldom make these errors. The results suggest that 4- and 5-year-old children have not yet attained an adult-like concept of intention. Their inaccurate judgments regarding their intentions, given a rewarding yet unexpected outcome, can be explained by a positivity bias.