言语韵律加工的ERP研究

韵律是言语各部分声音特性的综合,包括言语韵律和情绪韵律.有关言语韵律加工的ERP研究,涉及韵律成分加工、其与句法、语义、信息结构等的交互作用,以及韵律加工的个体差异.这些研究提供了丰富的信息.但由于韵律的复杂性,目前的研究仍然缺乏统一的范式,所得发现也难以有效整合.今后的言语韵律研究,应对已有研究成果从不同方面和角度进行验证和拓展,并充分重视汉语这一声调语言的加工独特性.     

Paired associate learning in Chinese children with dyslexia

A total of 82 Chinese 11- and 12-year-olds with and without dyslexia were tested on four paired associate learning (PAL) tasks, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, rapid naming, and verbal short-term memory in three different experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that children with dyslexia were significantly poorer in visual-verbal PAL than nondyslexic children but that these groups did not differ in visual-visual PAL performance. In Experiment 2, children with dyslexia had more difficulties in transferring rules to new stimuli in a rule-based visual-verbal PAL task as compared with children without dyslexia. Long-term retention of PAL was not impaired in dyslexic children across either experiment. In Experiment 3, rates of visual-verbal PAL deficits among children with dyslexia were all at or above 39%, the highest among all cognitive deficits tested. Moreover, rule-based visual-verbal PAL, in addition to morphological awareness and rapid naming ability, uniquely distinguished children with and without dyslexia even with other metalinguistic skills statistically controlled. Results underscore the importance of visual-verbal PAL for understanding reading impairment in Chinese children.     

Contextualized self: when the self runs into social dilemmas

Research on the construction of self and of others has indicated that the way that individuals construe themselves and others exerts an important influence on their cognition, emotion, and even behavior. The present study extends this line of research to mixed-motive situations in which short-term individual and long-term collective interests are at odds. In addition, this study associates the importance of context interdependence, and specifically its interaction with independent self-construal, with an individual's cooperative behavior. We used a priming task to manipulate the level of self-construal and also manipulated the degree of interdependent context by giving participants a chance to assign rewards either to their group members or to themselves alone. The results showed that when participants received interdependent (as opposed to independent) self-construal priming, they consistently contributed highly, regardless of context manipulation. In contrast, those primed with an independent self-construal contributed less in the investment game, but only when placed in a context where group members were encouraged to think about their individual (versus mutual) fate. In this situation they contributed the least to the group in the game. These findings indicate that independent self-construal in a low interdependence context produces the most competitive behavior. The results also showed that how participants felt about their interaction with other group members mediated the effect of context interdependence on cooperative behavior, and possibly that was especially the case for independent self-construal. The results demonstrate that the self can be contextualized and embedded in the social contexts and symbolic systems within which people live.     

Simple use of BIC to Assess Model Selection Uncertainty: An Illustration using Mediation and Moderation Models

Abstract

The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) has been used sometimes in SEM, even adopting a frequentist approach. Using simple mediation and moderation models as examples, we form posterior probability distribution via using BIC, which we call the BIC posterior, to assess model selection uncertainty of a finite number of models. This is simple but rarely used. The posterior probability distribution can be used to form a credibility set of models and to incorporate prior probabilities for model comparisons and selections. This was validated by a large scale simulation and results showed that the approximation via the BIC posterior is very good except when both the sample sizes and magnitude of parameters are small. We applied the BIC posterior to a real data set, and it has the advantages of flexibility in incorporating prior, addressing overfitting problems, and giving a full picture of posterior distribution to assess model selection uncertainty.     

What Is the Role of Transparency in Cancellation?

A series of experiments is reported in which the cancellation axiom is investigated by manipulating the transparency of gamble option formulations. The findings suggest that previous demonstrations of violations of the cancellation axiom might not be conclusive. While violations in nontransparent conditions have led to substantial changes in expected utility (EU) theory, the present data suggest that violations in transparent conditions require a fundamental change in the models that have been suggested as alternatives to EU theory.     

生命伦理的法政策论析——以卢曼的社会系统论为视角

运用卢曼系统论原理;将医疗、法律、政治等作为分析对象对生命伦理的法律政策问题进行探讨;把生命伦理问题与政治法律系统置于系统论中进行阐释;通过生命伦理、法、政策系统关联性;找出生命伦理与政治、法律系统的切合点;为生命伦理的法政策论题可持续研究提供了新的切入点.     

西方进化伦理学的哲学收获和界限

尽管达尔文(Charles Darwin)的进化论(自然选择论)自诞生之日起就一直遭受各种激烈的批评乃至攻击,但却很少有人能够否认,它属于所有时代影响最为深远和最富有成果的自然科学理论.     

赖氨酰氧化酶在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

赖氨酰氧化酶(lysyl oxidase,LOX)是一种铜依赖性氨基氧化酶,在多个组织器官中均有表达,能参与催化细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)中胶原和弹性纤维的赖氨酸残基交联,以维持细胞外基质的结构和功能正常。新近研究发现LOX与动脉粥样硬化亦有紧密关系。本文就LOX在动脉粥样硬化发生、发展过程中的联系作一综述。     

马克思的Wesen概念

Ontologie是关于Sein的理论,但是,由于对Sein的追问,一定要追问到Sein的本质(Wesen)或根据(Grund),因此Ontologie也就成了一种有关Wesen的理论了。国内哲学界在讨论马克思的Ontologie时,未注意到Wesen概念的极端重要性。本文探讨马克思的Wesen概念,阐明马克思对Sein、Existenz同Wesen关系的理解,并展现马克思对此概念的使用以及同黑格尔、亚里士多德和海德格尔哲学的关联。