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171.
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In the present article, a commonly used meta-analytic procedure for handling dependent effect sizes from a single sample was examined, and 2 revised procedures that estimate and incorporate the degree of interdependence were proposed. The authors' simulation results reveal that the commonly used procedure that averages the effect sizes from a single sample (denoted as the samplewise procedure) underestimates the degree of heterogeneity. The proposed variations are less biased than the samplewise procedure in estimating the degree of heterogeneity in most of the situations that we examined. Future directions to further improve the procedures for handling dependent effect sizes from a single sample are discussed. 相似文献
173.
Agata Błachnio Aneta Przepiórka Oleg Gorbaniuk Rebecca Bendayan Monika McNeill Alan Angeluci Ana Maria Abreu Menachem Ben-Ezra Martina Benvenuti Maria J. Blanca Tihana Brkljacic Nenad Čuš Babić Julia Gorbaniuk Juraj Holdoš Ana Ivanova Engin Karadağ Sadia Malik Elvis Mazzoni Anita Milanovic Bojan Musil Igor Pantic Belen Rando Gwendolyn Seidman Lancy D'Souza Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele Mariusz Wołońciej Anise M. S. Wu Shu Yu 《International journal of psychology》2021,56(6):885-894
Mobile phone addiction is a robust phenomenon observed throughout the world. The social aspect of mobile phone use is crucial; therefore, phubbing is a part of the mobile phone addiction phenomenon. Phubbing is defined as ignoring an interlocutor by glancing at one's mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation. The main aim of this study was to investigate how the Phubbing Scale (containing 10 items) might vary across countries, and between genders. Data were collected in 20 countries: Belarus, Brazil, China, Croatia, Ecuador, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, UK, Ukraine and USA. The mean age across the sample (N = 7696, 65.8% women, 34.2% men) was 25.32 years (SD = 9.50). The cross-cultural invariance of the scale was investigated using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) as well as the invariance analyses. Additionally, data from each country were assessed individually via confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). We obtained two factors, based on only eight of the items: (a) communication disturbances and (b) phone obsession. The 8 items Phubbing Scale. 相似文献
174.
Parent–child relationships play an important role in successful academic outcomes. Previous research suggests that the association between parent–child relationships and offspring’s academic achievement may be mediated by offspring’s self-efficacy levels, although these relationships are not fully understood. Furthermore, the association between family support and academic outcomes is well-documented among European Americans, but not across cultures. Therefore, the present study examined how parent–child relationship quality relates to young adults’ academic achievement and self-efficacy among European Americans and Asian Americans. Participants were 258 undergraduate students (85 male, 173 female) who completed a survey. Overall, both parent–child relationships and self-efficacy were significantly associated with the offspring’s academic performance, and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between parent–child relationships and school outcomes. Ethnicity moderated these relationships: among European American students, quality of parent–child relationships was not associated with self-efficacy level whereas for Asian Americans, parent–child relationships were associated with self-efficacy. These findings suggest that European American college students’ self-efficacy levels are less dependent on parent–child relationship quality, but for Asian Americans college students it may be important for educators to facilitate communication and family support so students may continue to use family as a resource for self-efficacy levels. 相似文献
175.
Lei Zhou Yang‐Yang Zhang Zuo‐Jun Wang Li‐Lin Rao Wei Wang Shu Li Xingshan Li Zhu‐Yuan Liang 《决策行为杂志》2016,29(2-3):169-182
In the field of eye tracking, scanpath analysis can reflect the sequential and temporal properties of the cognitive process. However, the advantages of scanpath analysis have not yet been utilized in the study of risky decision making. We explored the methodological applicability of scanpath analysis to test models of risky decision making by analyzing published data from the eye‐tracking studies of Su et al. (2013); Wang and Li (2012), and Sun, Rao, Zhou, and Li (2014). These studies used a proportion task, an outcome‐matched presentation condition, and a multiple‐play condition as the baseline for comparison with information search and processing in the risky decision‐making condition. We found that (i) the similarity scores of the intra‐conditions were significantly higher than those of the inter‐condition; (ii) the scanpaths of the two conditions were separable; and (iii) based on an inspection of typical trials, the patterns of the scanpaths differed between the two conditions. These findings suggest that scanpath analysis is reliable and valid for examining the process of risky decision making. In line with the findings of the three original studies, our results indicate that risky decision making is unlikely to be based on a weighting and summing process, as hypothesized by the family of expectation models. The findings highlight a new methodological direction for research on decision making. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
176.
Julia M. Rodriguez Buritica Ben Eppinger Nicolas W. Schuck Hauke R. Heekeren Shu‐Chen Li 《Developmental science》2016,19(5):699-709
Observational learning is an important mechanism for cognitive and social development. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying observational learning in children are not well understood. In this study, we used a probabilistic reward‐based observational learning paradigm to compare behavioral and electrophysiological markers of individual and observational reinforcement learning in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children. Specifically, we manipulated the amount of observable information as well as children's similarity in age to the observed person (same‐aged child vs. adult) to examine the effects of similarity in age on the integration of observed information in children. We show that the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) during individual reinforcement learning reflects the valence of outcomes of own actions. Furthermore, we found that the feedback‐related negativity during observational reinforcement learning (oFRN) showed a similar distinction between outcome valences of observed actions. This suggests that the oFRN can serve as a measure of observational learning in middle childhood. Moreover, during observational learning children profited from the additional social information and imitated the choices of their own peers more than those of adults, indicating that children have a tendency to conform more with similar others (e.g. their own peers) compared to dissimilar others (adults). Taken together, our results show that children can benefit from integrating observable information and that oFRN may serve as a measure of observational learning in children. 相似文献
177.
儿童对汉字结构中语音线索的意识及其发展 总被引:25,自引:4,他引:25
采用纸笔测验探讨了二、四、六年级小学生读形声字的读音特点。结果表明,儿童对规则字的读音好于对不规则字和不知声旁字的读音。在对不熟悉字的读音中,儿童更多地利用汉字结构中的语音线索,更多地表现出能力差异。读音错误分析表明,随着年级的增高,儿童读音中非系统错误的比例减小,而声旁、类似错误的比例增加。 相似文献
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179.
自从决策者-建议者系统于1995年被提出以来,在决策领域引起了广泛的关注。通过总结决策者-建议者系统的研究范式和过程模型,比较了其与群体决策和团队决策的异同。目前在该系统模型中的主要研究变量涉及信任、建议者信心、专门知识、报酬、任务难度和相似性,已有的理论解释主要包括心理契约理论、态度改变理论、信念修正理论和沉没成本理论。未来的研究应当从变量关系、信任机制、建议提出和任务类型的角度进行专题探讨,并应当开展跨文化研究。 相似文献
180.
事件相关振荡与振荡脑网络 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
事件相关振荡是伴随认知、情感和行为过程的脑电磁振荡活动,观察到其各类调频、调幅和调相现象,这种介观和宏观尺度上大量神经元的集体活动与微观尺度上神经元平均发放率和发放定时相互影响,共同参与神经信息的编码、表征、通讯和调控。动态细胞集群假说认为大脑认知功能是神经网络通过同步振荡相互作用的结果,在基于振荡的大脑理论指引下,多尺度、跨脑区和跨频率事件相关振荡研究为揭开振荡脑网络的工作原理带来了希望 相似文献