话语参照语境条件下汉语歧义短语的加工

采用移动窗口和眼动记录两种范式 ,以符合“VP +N1+的 +N2”格式的均衡型和述宾型两类汉语歧义短语为背景 ,在两个实验中 ,考察了话语参照语境影响歧义短语句法分析的机制以及时间进程。结果发现 ,在早于解歧区 1的区段上就开始出现话语语境效应。这些发现表明话语参照语境可以通过概念期望机制起作用 ,而并非仅仅通过参照前提机制起作用。此外 ,实验还证明了话语参照语境在句子加工早期的作用。这一结果为句法歧义消解的参照理论和基于制约的模型提供了证据 ,而对宣称最初的句法分析独立于话语语境的花园路径模型 ,提出了质疑     

医学研究生创造性动机与专业认同及人格的关系

通过问卷对吉林省医学院校研究生的创造性动机进行研究,结果表明,医学研究生的创造性动机和专业认同在性别、学位类型、专业性质方面的差异是由内在需要的差异所导致的;创造性动机中的内在动机和报酬与专业认同紧密相关,创造性动机与人格互为因果;人格中的开放性和外倾性在专业认同对创造性动机的影响过程中具有显著的调节作用.     

学前儿童睡眠问题与语言障碍的关系

睡眠是个体身心健康发展的重要保障。学前期的睡眠问题可能会对儿童的行为、认知、语言和健康等诸多方面产生负面影响。研究表明, 睡眠呼吸障碍、夜间睡眠不足以及入睡困难等睡眠问题是学前儿童语言障碍的潜在威胁性因素。学者们提出了睡眠记忆巩固假说、警觉性假说和突触稳态假说来解释睡眠问题影响学前儿童语言发展的内在机制。这些研究结果为语言障碍的早期干预提供了一种新思路, 即通过行为干预、药物治疗、手术治疗和游戏干预等睡眠问题干预方式来提高学前儿童的语言能力。未来的研究可以进一步深入分析睡眠问题与语言障碍相关联的内在机制, 了解不同年龄段儿童睡眠问题与语言能力的关系, 以及探究融合教育背景下有效的游戏干预方式。     

“有声有色”的触觉体验：来自多感觉通道整合的线索

虚拟现实技术通过提供视觉、听觉和触觉等信息为用户创造身临其境的感知体验, 其中触觉反馈面临诸多技术瓶颈使得虚拟现实中的自然交互受限。基于多感官错觉的伪触觉技术可以借助其他通道的信息强化和丰富触觉感受, 是目前虚拟现实环境中优化触觉体验的有效途径。本文聚焦于触觉中最重要的维度之一——粗糙度, 试图为解决虚拟现实中触觉反馈的受限问题提供新思路。探讨了粗糙度感知中, 视、听、触多感觉通道整合的关系, 分析了视觉线索(表面纹理密度、表面光影、控制显示比)和听觉线索(音调/频率、响度)如何影响触觉粗糙度感知, 总结了当下调控这些因素来改变粗糙度感知的方法。最后, 探讨了使用伪触觉反馈技术时, 虚拟现实环境中视、听、触觉信息在呈现效果、感知整合等方面与真实世界相比可能存在的差异, 提出可借鉴的改善触觉体验的适用方法和未来待研究的方向。     

Life Satisfaction in China, 2010–2018: Trends and Unique Determinants

Applied Research in Quality of Life - This study is one of the first to explore the 5 waves of the China Family Panel Studies data from 2010 to 2018, assessing determinants of life satisfaction...     

Professional Counseling in Taiwan: Past to Future

Because of the recent introduction of a licensure law, professional counseling has grown rapidly in Taiwan after decades of slow development. The authors provide a historical review of the development of professional counseling in Taiwan and discuss the current status and future trajectory of professional counseling in Taiwan.     

Size-dependent interaction between a screw dislocation and an inhomogeneity of arbitrary shape in an applied stress field

We present a general approximate solution for a screw dislocation interacting with an inhomogeneity of arbitrary shape in an applied stress field. The analysis is based on the Eshelby inhomogeneity theory. As special cases, explicit solutions for some common inhomogeneity shapes are obtained, from which size-dependent effects of dislocation stress field and the applied stress field on the interaction can be identified.     

Ethical Academic Judgments and Behaviors: Applying a Multidimensional Ethics Scale to Measure the Ethical Academic Behavior of Graduate Students

Using Reidenbach and Robin's Multidimensional Ethics Scale, this study investigated the relationships between background variables and students' ethical evaluations, judgments, and behavioral intentions using 3 scenarios involving dilemmas related to academic dishonesty. The sample included 436 master's students and 142 doctoral students. The study found that the participants used a combination of ethical philosophies to make ethical decisions. The respondents judged improper citations more harshly than acts of inappropriate authorship or the falsification of data. The doctoral students generally considered behaviors related to plagiarism and falsification to be more unethical than the master's students did, though no gender differences were found.     

Using Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model to Detect Test Cheating due to Item Compromise

The Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM, Shu, Unpublished Dissertation. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010) is proposed to identify cheaters who obtain significant score gain on tests due to item exposure/compromise by conditioning on the item status (exposed or unexposed items). A “gated” function is introduced to decompose the observed examinees’ performance into two distributions (the true ability distribution determined by examinees’ true ability and the cheating distribution determined by examinees’ cheating ability). Test cheaters who have score gain due to item exposure are identified through the comparison of the two distributions. Hierarchical Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used as the model’s estimation framework. Finally, the model is applied in a real data set to illustrate how the model can be used to identify examinees having pre-knowledge on the exposed items.