哲学化了的后现代艺术"形状"--读杰夫丝的《画不出的空间:叙述的终结》

我在<哲学研究>上曾经发表<智慧的形状>一文,一些同行看到标题感到惊讶,至少是不解.但是,那个题目的发明权不在我,是德勒兹在<什么是哲学>里讨论了概念的"形状"问题,这是一种看不见的形状.德勒兹试图彻底扭转哲学研究方向,使之走上"后现代"的轨道.他的这些想法与福柯和德里达相类似,特别在美国文学艺术界找到了更多的知音.杰夫丝(J·M·Jeffers)的新书<画不出的空间:叙述的终结>,讨论了当代西方艺术的哲学化倾向,所述理论,具有强烈的德勒兹色彩,具有跨学科、多角度的特征,流露的信息颇多,非常值得关注.     

心理弹性对大学生心理应激与心理健康关系的中介作用*

采用梁宝勇、程诚编制的“中国成年人心理弹性量表”、梁宝勇和郝志红编制的“中国大学生心理应激量表”和郑日昌、邓丽芳和张忠华等编制的“中国大学生心理健康量表”,对4所大学620名在校大学生进行测试,探讨心理弹性在大学生心理应激与心理健康关系中的作用。研究结果表明,心理弹性可以缓冲心理应激对大学生心理健康的消极影响,心理弹性部分中介心理应激与心理健康之间关系。     

Sharing economy promotes morality,not impedes it

Sharing economy (SE) is a rapidly growing economic model which has brought people efficiency and convenience; however, it also provides users the opportunity to misbehave, which has raised public concerns about the moral crisis that it might cause. We examined the effect of SE on individuals’ unethical behaviors through four studies. We found consistently that making people believe that they were using shared goods (Study 1) or priming them with abstract SE mindsets (Studies 2–4) reduced, not facilitated, their subsequent cheating on task performances to gain monetary rewards. Moreover, the effect of SE on cheating was mediated by a sense of connecting to others (Study 4). Thinking of using SE enhanced individuals’ interpersonal closeness, which in turn led to less unethical behavior. However, correlational analyses in Studies 3 and 4 showed that people who cheated more in studies in the laboratory also reported using SE more frequently in real life. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Physical pain induces negative person perception

We examined the hypothesis that pain increases negative person perception of irrelevant others in both medical and laboratory settings in three studies. Patients perceived a nurse as more negative if the injection they received from the nurse produced more pain (Pilot Study). Patients rated neutral faces as more negative after receiving an injection than before it (Study 1). Participants who performed a painful cold pressor task rated neutral faces as more negative than a control group, but this effect only appeared for those with low perceived social support (Study 2). These findings suggest that one's experience of physical pain may be metaphorically transferred to perceptions of completely irrelevant others, inducing negative interpersonal perception. And perceived social support can ameliorate the negative effect.     

恶的想象力

Sartre’s “transcendence of the ego” means that consciousness is outside of the ego, that the ego is the “ego of the other”, and that the other is neither in consciousness nor in the ego. Sartre viewed “reflection” as a pure mood rather than as the substantial carrier of mood. The strangeness and absurdity of the world emerge from this reflection. Sartre’s “imagination of the evil” has two aspects. On the one hand, “evil” corresponds to the concept of the other, transcending the capacity for domination of the ego; on the other hand, imagination is related to the other in a broad sense, with the ability to transform “philistinism” and “evil” into marvels.     

5—7岁儿童加法策略的发展特点

随机选取72名5～7岁儿童为被试,采用实验法和访谈法对儿童解决简单加法问题的策略的发展特点进行探索。结果发现,随着年龄的增长,儿童使用提取策略明显上升,逐渐成为主导策略,而数数策略逐渐减少,凑十策略、心理算盘策略和分解策略只有在少数儿童身上发现,整体看5～7岁儿童没有出现多种策略的竞争趋势;提取和从大数开始数的策略是5～7岁儿童较为优秀的解决简单加法问题的策略。     

吾之非吾:庄子《齐物论》辨析

庄子就是典型的"无所谓"者."无所谓",就是没有一个可以依据的对象,可以横说竖说,正言反言,不可以在行为、活动、话语、写作、辩论之前,预先设立一个或多个公开的或潜在的标准.谓,即可以说是"无所谓",也可以说是"谓他谓".庄子所谓"吾丧我"就是"谓他谓"的别一种说法,为一种中国式的"横向逻辑"传统,有别于亚里士多德形式逻辑的"垂直性"思维传统.     

痛苦共情的功能性核磁共振成像研究述评

对他人痛苦的共情是指自动模拟受痛者的情感和运动状态,以及在自我-他人区分的基础上替代性地分享和理解他人由于受痛所引发的情绪状态.痛苦共情的fMRI研究常用图片诱导范式和线索诱导范式.痛苦共情的神经机制,包括(1)疼痛矩阵(该区域在个体自身受痛时也会激活)和(2)观点采择的相关脑区.痛苦共情的水平会受到实验范式和任务,以及共情者对于受痛者态度两方面因素的共同影响.加强应用研究和推出新型范式是痛苦共情研究的当务之急.     

Social network ties and organizational citizenship behavior: evidence of a curvilinear relationship

ABSTRACT

We examine the relationships between employee friendship and advice network centrality and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Using social exchange theory as a basis, we argue that centrality within the workplace friendship network will be positively and linearly related to employee OCB. Further, we draw on conservation of resources theory and role theory to predict a curvilinear (inverse U) relationship between employees’ advice network centrality and OCB such that employees will engage in higher levels of OCB at moderate levels of advice centrality than at low and high levels. We test the theoretical model in an academic setting (using other reports of network ties and employee ratings of OCB) and a US-based organization (using other reports of network ties and supervisor ratings of OCB). The results support the idea of a curvilinear relationship between advice network centrality and OCB in both studies and a linear relationship between friendship centrality and OCB in Study 2. Practical implications and directions for future research are addressed.