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871.
Sociologists sometimes speculate that sexual offenses are related to the process of sex-role stereotyping of the female while simultaneously over-reacting in the form of “macho” behavior. In order to determine the validity of this proposed relationship, a series of paper and pencil attitude tests were administered to three populations of men. This sample included sex offenders, other offenders, and nonoffenders. A total of 119 subjects participated. The sample was selected from Lima State Hospital (Ohio), Lebanon Correctional Institution (Ohio), and nonincarcerated males working in the private sector of Dayton, Ohio. The testing instruments included the Attitude Toward Women Scale, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Macho Scale, and the Open Subordination of Women Scale. A multivariate analysis of variance did not establish statistical significance for either the factors of location, offense committed, or the victim orientation. 相似文献
872.
Increased attention to family violence is reflected, in part, in the growing number of social scientists who have applied the results of their work in trials of battered women who have killed their husbands. Acting as expert witnesses, these individuals detail their knowledge and offer opinions in order to educate jurors about the social and psychological consequences of abuse within marital relationships. Little is known about the actual impact of expert testimony on jury deliberation in cases involving battered women. Those engaged in studying the interface of psychology and criminal justice have relied primarily on anecdotal evidence which suggests that expert testimony shapes jurors' attitudes and their ultimate decisions. (Ellison & Buckhout, 1981). This article summarizes psychological research on how individuals, including battered women, react to victimization and provides a preliminary theoretical formulation of this problem. 相似文献
873.
Ellen Dwyer 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1988,6(1):79-98
The roots of nineteenth-century American civil commitment law lay in English common law, in particular poor law, with its mixed motives of helping lunatics and of protecting the community from them. As state institutions assumed an increasingly large share of the burden of restraint in the 1840s and 1850s, such confinement decisions became subject to greater public scrutiny. This can be seen particularly clearly in New York State, which in 1842 passed a law requiring that two physicians examine each alleged lunatic and report their findings to a judge who then made the final commitment decision. After the Civil War, a number of legal decisions limited the state's power to initiate civil commitments to cases of clear social danger, though families were not so confined. An 1874 statute further tightened procedural guidelines for civil commitments. A State Commissioner in Lunacy was appointed to oversee the internal workings of lunatic asylums. Yet such legal “reforms” failed to slow the increasing tendency of both families and communities to use such institutions as long-term holding places for the socially marginal or threatening. 相似文献
874.
Dean B. McFarlin Michael R. Frone Brenda Major Ellen Konar 《Journal of business and psychology》1989,3(3):331-340
This research investigated three sets of factors (career path factors, perceived job inputs, and reference group comparisons) as predictors of career-entry pay expectations for management students about to enter the workforce. As predicted, reference group comparisons accounted for a larger proportion of unique variance in students' pay expectations than either career path factors or perceived job inputs. In addition, same-sex comparisons were stronger predictors of career-entry pay expectations than opposite-sex comparisons. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
875.
Mark A. Wilson Thomas I. Chacko Charles B. Shrader Ellen Mullen 《Journal of business and psychology》1992,6(4):495-501
A study examining longitudinal data obtained from theDisclosure database for 390 large American firms yielded complex and unclear patterns of correlations between firm performance and executive pay. An examination of the data indicates that the relationship between firm performance and executive compensation may be nonlinear. Among performance measures, total assets was found to have the strongest association with executive pay. It was concluded that the scale of discretionary resources available to the firm better predicts executive pay than profitability or efficiency ratios. 相似文献
876.
Ellen L. Fleischmann 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》1998,9(3):307-323
From the mid‐twentieth century, American Protestant missionary women played a role in attempting to reach their ‘Moslem sisters’ in Greater Syria through the various missionary institutions established in the region. This article examines part of the encounter between these two groups of women — particularly the murky and often ironic nature of the exchange, and how primarily single, Protestant American women focused much of their efforts on training young Arab Muslim women to be good wives and mothers. American Protestant missionary women, in assuming they were ‘uplifting’ the status of Middle Eastern women, were in most respects involved in an attempt to modernize the domestic dimension of the latter's identity and imprint upon it a particular cultural stamp. 相似文献
877.
Ellen R. Kintz 《Sex roles》1998,39(7-8):589-601
This study explores strategies of householdmanagement taken by Yucatec Maya women of differentages, in different families, and by their husbands whowere involved in an array of life choices over aten-year period. Field research was conducted at Coba,Quintana Roo, Yucatan between 1975 and 1985. Theresearch revealed considerable variation in femalestatus and role as well as differential andcomplementary male-female relations. The analysis concludesthat women have represented a crucial element intraditional Maya culture and play a significant role inthe modern transformation of Maya society and values. The analysis suggests that pennycapitalism practiced by Yucatec Maya women may beof critical value in the preservation and/ortransformation of Yucatec Maya culture. 相似文献
878.
Recent research indicates that adolescent girls'self-esteem is lower than that of boys, and adolescence has been identified as a particularly problematic period for female self-esteem. However, many studies use global self-esteem measures that mask important differences within the domains of self-concept that contribute to self-esteem. Further, some self-esteem measures assess components of male self-esteem but overlook aspects of female self-esteem. The possible selves approach was used to identify categories of adolescent male and female self-concept that correlate with self-esteem. Subjects were 212 high-school students. The sample was primarily (96%)Caucasian. Results indicate that female self-esteem is related to perceived likelihood of hoped-for and feared possible selves in multiple domains, whereas male self-esteem is related only to the likelihood of one domain of hoped-for possible selves. 相似文献
879.
This study examined the effects of similarity, both actual (race and gender) and perceived, and amount of contact between mentor and protégé on the quality of mentor relationships. Mentor relationship quality was measured by liking, satisfaction, intended retention, and degree of psychosocial and instrumental functions experienced by the protégé. The participants were 104 summer intern protégés and their volunteer staff mentors employed at a large West coast media organization. Protégés were randomly assigned to one of two types of mentor pairings—same and different race mentors. Results indicate that liking, satisfaction, and contact with mentor were higher when protégés’ perceived themselves to be more similar to their mentors. Actual race pairing was related to protégés’ perceptions of the amount of career support and to mentors’ liking of protégés. 相似文献
880.
Dr. Jim Lantz Ph.D. Mary Ellen Kondrat Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1996,26(3):295-305
Existential psychotherapy can be understood as a treatment orientation directed towards helping the client discover, actualize
and honor the meanings and meaning potentials in life. In this article, the authors outline the problem-oriented and the mystery-centered
elements of existential treatment and how these two components of existential treatment are both poles of a relationship of
tension and complimentary to each other. The article further explores treatment activities, treatment goals, assessment activities
and the treatment relationship as these notions are understood in both the problem-oriented and the mystery-centered aspects
of existential psychotherapy. 相似文献