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191.
This study’s purpose was to use confirmatory factor analysis to compare published factor-analytic models of the 20-item Purpose in Life test (PIL) to identify the one that provides the best fit to the data. To date many different models have been described, with limited evidence to support whether they are replicable. This study utilized data from undergraduates (N = 620) from a medium-sized university located in the southern United States. Ten different PIL models were tested, with support found for the two-factor model (exciting life, purposeful life) of Morgan and Farsides. Recommendations and implications for research are provided. 相似文献
192.
Françoise S. Maheu Mary Dozier Amanda E. Guyer Darcy Mandell Elizabeth Peloso Kaitlin Poeth Jessica Jenness Jennifer Y. F. Lau John P. Ackerman Daniel S. Pine Monique Ernst 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):34-49
Previous research findings have linked caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect with sensitivity to threatening cues. The present preliminary study investigated whether dysfunctions of the medial temporal lobe could underlie these associations. Using fMRI, we measured medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) among 30 youths. Eleven of the youths had a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. Attention states (i.e., attention to anger, fear, or physical attributes, or passive viewing) were systematically manipulated. Relative to comparison youths, youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect showed significantly greater left amygdala and left anterior hippocampus activation during the processing of threatening information. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate altered medial temporal lobe function during the processing of threat cues in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. 相似文献
193.
The purpose of the study was to investigate male college students in the southeastern United States to identify factors associated
with consumer masculinity behavior. The variables of self-esteem and media significance were tested as possible predictors
of consumer masculinity behavior. A total of 219 surveys were used as the sample for this study. Pearson correlation analysis
tested relationships among the variables, and linear regression was used to further test the nature of the relationships identified.
Results indicated that media significance and appearance-related self-esteem were significant predictors of consumer masculinity
behavior. Limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
194.
Sheila Garos Annette S. Kluck James K. Beggan Jeffrey Martindale Amanda Easton Wheeler Tammy Lowery Zacchilli 《Sex roles》2008,58(5-6):311-329
Temptation bias is the tendency to see oneself as better than others at resisting temptation. To understand the influence
of self-enhancement and gender stereotypes on temptation bias, 215 undergraduates from a university located in the southwest
region of the United States compared their ability to resist ten sexually tempting scenarios to that of others in general,
and to their romantic partner (Study 1). An additional 151 undergraduates from the same university rated their own or their partner’s ability to resist seven sexually
tempting scenarios compared to other men and women (Study 2). Results revealed that temptation bias was present but reduced when romantic partners were the comparison targets; and when
comparing themselves to others, women displayed temptation bias regardless of the gender of the referent while men displayed
temptation bias only when comparing themselves to men. 相似文献
195.
Woods DW Himle MB Miltenberger RG Carr JE Osmon DC Karsten AM Jostad C Bosch A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(2):237-245
Chronic tic disorders are characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics, which are influenced by contextual factors. Recent research has shown that (a) children can suppress tics for brief periods of time, (b) suppression is enhanced when programmed reinforcement is provided for tic-free intervals, and (c) short periods of suppression do not result in a paradoxical "rebound" in tic frequency when active suppression has ceased. The current study extended existing research in three important ways. First, we examined whether tic suppression ability decreased as suppression duration increased from 5 to 25 to 40 min. Second, we examined post-suppression tic frequency to test whether longer periods of suppression were more likely to be associated with a rebound effect. Finally, we explored neuropsychological predictors of tic suppression. Thirteen children with Tourette syndrome or a chronic tic disorder completed the study. Results showed that (a) tic suppression was sustained for all of the suppression durations, (b) rebound effects were not observed following any of the suppression durations, and (c) ability to suppress was correlated with omission, but not commission errors on a continuous performance task. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
196.
This study hypothesized that perceived similarity significantly impacts depressed affect contagion only for individuals with highly interdependent self-construals. Baseline self-construal and affect were measured. Then, after reading a vignette about a depressed or nondepressed target, affect and perceived similarity were assessed. Participants reading the depressed vignette reported higher negative affect than participants reading the nondepressed vignette. Positive affect did not differ between the two conditions. For participants exposed to the depressed vignette, the hypothesized interaction between perceived similarity and interdependence significantly predicted positive affect. It appears that participants with more interdependent self-construals were more likely to "catch" the low positive affect displayed by the depressed target only if they perceived themselves as highly similar to the target. 相似文献
197.
Wysocki T Harris MA Buckloh LM Mertlich D Lochrie AS Taylor A Sadler M White NH 《Behavior Therapy》2008,39(1):33-46
We report a randomized trial of a revised Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D) intervention. Families of 104 adolescents with diabetes were randomized to standard care (SC) or to 6 months of an educational support group (ES) or BFST-D. Family communication and problem-solving skills were assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months by independent rating of videotaped family problem-solving discussions. BFST-D improved individual communication of adolescents and mothers, but not fathers. BFST-D significantly improved quality of family interaction compared to SC (10 of 12 comparisons) and ES (6 of 12 comparisons). Changes in family communication were differentially associated with changes in glycemic control, adherence, and family conflict. BFST-D improved family communication and problem solving relative to SC and modestly relative to ES. 相似文献
198.
Four fifth-grade students were presented with frustration-level math probes while three performance dimensions were measured
(i.e., percent intervals on-task, percent correct digits, and digits correct per minute (DCM)). Using a multiple baseline
design across participants, students were trained to self-monitor time on-task, accuracy, and productivity in sequence and
were given their choice of preferred rewards for increases in each performance dimension. The effects of self-monitoring productivity
plus rewards prior to and after reaching on-task and accuracy criteria were also evaluated on a probe basis using an embedded
multielement design. Results showed that three of the four students increased DCM when self-monitoring productivity plus rewards,
but only after meeting on-task and accuracy criteria. Effects of self monitoring accuracy were mixed, and all students showed
high levels of on-task behavior throughout the study. The implications of these results for increasing the effectiveness of
self-monitoring through a sequenced approach to academic skill training are discussed. 相似文献
199.
D-cycloserine (DCS) may facilitate fear extinction learning, but the behavioral consequences and mechanisms behind this effect are not well understood at present. In this paper, we re-analyze data from previously reported null result experiments and find that rats showing above-median extinction learning during DCS treatment benefited from the drug, whereas rats showing below-median (and in this case little) extinction learning did not. Two additional experiments found that DCS facilitated extinction learning when specifically combined with a moderate, but not a small, number of extinction trials. DCS thus facilitates extinction learning only if the behavioral procedure first engages the extinction learning process. The benefits of the drug, however, were specific to the context in which extinction was learned--i.e., DCS did not prevent or influence the renewal of fear observed when the extinguished cue was tested in the original conditioning context. 相似文献
200.
Chastain Amanda N. Luoma Shannon M. Love Svea E. Miguel Caio F. 《The Psychological record》2022,72(3):383-405
The Psychological Record - The current study evaluated whether college students’ performance on visual–visual matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks were differentially affected by learning to... 相似文献