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151.
以442名初中生为被试,采用历时20个月的纵向研究考察家庭社会经济地位(socioeconomic status, SES)和积极品质对中考成绩的预测作用。结果发现:(1)家庭SES、积极品质整体发展水平可以同时显著正向预测初中生在20个月后的中考成绩;(2)积极品质整体发展水平在家庭SES与中考成绩之间存在中介作用,即家庭SES越高,初中生的积极品质整体水平越高,其中考成绩越好。研究结果提示积极品质可以补偿低家庭SES对学生中考成绩的不良影响。 相似文献
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Cognitive Misfit of Problem-Solving Style at Work: A Facet of Person-Organization Fit 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David Chan 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1996,68(3):194-207
Based on Kirton's Adaption-Innovation Theory (1976, 1977) of problem-solving style at work, the construct of cognitive misfit was developed and proposed as one viable facet of Person-Organization fit. Cognitive misfit refers to the degree of mismatch between an individual's cognitive style of problem solving and the style demands of the work context. Relationships among cognitive misfit, job performance, and actual individual turnover after 3 years were examined in a sample of 253 engineers in either a Staff engineering function or a Research and Development (R&D) engineering function. The Staff function and the R&D function corresponded to a work context predominant in adaptive-style demands and a work context predominant in innovative-style demands, respectively. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that cognitive misfit was uncorrelated with job performance, but provided significant and substantial incremental validity in predicting actual turnover over the predictability provided by performance. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research were discussed in terms of levels of analysis issues and the current focus on Person-Organization fit in selection and organizational behavior research. 相似文献
155.
Cecilia Cheng Michael Harris Bond Siu Ching Chan 《International journal of psychology》1995,30(1):91-108
This study examines the characteristics of ideal best friends endorsed by Chinese adolescents. A comprehensive measure of person perception was used in order to assess those dimensions of personality where gender, similarity, and complementarity might be related to the rating of ideal best friends. Results indicated that ideal female best friends were rated higher on the communal dimension of Helpfulness; ideal male best friends were rated higher on the agentic dimensions of Extroversion, Assertiveness, and Application. Similarity effects were found for Openness to Experience, Extroversion, and Emotional Stability; complementarity effects for Assertiveness. These results were explained in terms of Chinese gender stereotypes and the requirements for harmonious dyadic interaction. 相似文献
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Auditory thresholds have been determined for the goldfish by six groups of workers and the data in the experiments varied by as much as 20–30 dB. In order to isolate the basis for this variability, auditory thresholds were determined using conditioned suppression of respiration and method of limits. These thresholds were very similar to those obtained with avoidance conditioning and a tracking method for threshold determination. Acoustic procedures were kept constant in the two series of experiments, and it appears that wide variation in auditory thresholds for goldfish shown in different experiments is due to acoustic conditions in the experiments. 相似文献
159.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the discrimination of six vowel sounds of 10 msec duration. Vowels of equal pitch and intensity level were generated by computer. Both phonetically trained (PT) and untrained (UPT) Ss were used. Rapid learning took place, and the PT Ss showed much better discrimination than the UPT Ss. Confusion matrices of the last four learning blocks indicated that /i/ and /u/ sounded very much alike when they were short. The pattern of the test scores was discussed with reference to pure tone perception. 相似文献
160.
Psychological effects of running loss on consistent runners 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study examined the psychological effects of running loss upon consistent runners. We compared a group of 30 "Prevented Runners" who were unable to run for at least two weeks with a group of 30 "Continuing Runners" who ran without interruption on the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Zung Depression Scale, and a Running Information questionnaire. We found that Prevented Runners displayed significantly greater symptoms of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, confusion, over-all mood disturbance, and lower self-esteem than did Continuing Runners. Deprivation of running may result in withdrawal symptoms of psychological distress for consistent runners who rely on running as a coping strategy for stress reduction and who feel dependent upon the psychological reinforcements of running. 相似文献