风险偏好与框架效应对大学生职业决策的影响

在应用Hsee等设计的风险偏好水平问卷对46名大学生进行分组的基础上,通过设计职业决策情境,探究了当代大学生职业决策与其风险偏好、职业方案以及方案的框架性倾向之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）高风险偏好大学生的职业选择倾向明显高于低风险偏好的大学生,尤其对冒险职业方案的选择中,上述趋势最为明显;（2）框架效应存在于大学生职业决策情境中,他们更倾向于选择采用积极口吻表述的职业方案;（3）大学生对冒险、折中、保守三种方案的职业选择倾向有显著地逐渐增大的趋势。     

Fragmentation or Differentiation: Questioning the Crisis in Psychology

There is a recurrent discourse about the fragmentation of psychology and its crises as a science, which often leads to a disenchanted view about its future. To this discourse we oppose a developmental one, in which crises can be occasions for development, and in which development might imply differentiation. We first review why psychology can be said to be in crisis. We then situate the crisis in the pragmatics of doing psychology. Crises occur when psychologists have problems either working with other psychologists or with communities. We argue that collaborative research is a way to overcome these crises. Specifically we suggest three specific scientific activities that can lead to the development of psychology: collaborative research methods, the identification of nodal concepts that enable the bringing together of different approaches and disciplines, and the creation and maintenance of institutional spaces that enable creative, collaborative work.

Additivity of abrupt onset effects supports nonspatial distraction, not the capture of spatial attention

In a recent article, Schreij, Owens, and Theeuwes (2008) reported that abruptly onsetting distractors produce costs in performance even when spatial-cuing effects confirm the presence of a top-down set for color. The authors argued that these results show that abruptly onsetting new objects capture attention independent of a top-down set and, thus, provide conclusive evidence against the theory that attentional capture is contingent on top-down attentional control settings (Folk, Remington, & Johnston, 1992). In the following article, we argue that, contrary to the conclusion drawn by Schreij et al., their own data (1) disconfirm the claim that their abrupt onsets captured spatial attention and (2) are consistent with nonspatial interference accounts of singleton-distractor effects. In support of the nonspatial account, we show that in a paradigm similar to Schreij et al.’s, distractors that do not capture attention can nonetheless influence responses to a target. We conclude that the results of Schreij et al. do not represent a challenge to contingent capture theory.     

积极心理学分类体系的整合观

积极心理学是近年来比较活跃的心理学研究领域。文章在阐述积极心理学基本原理的基础上,对积极心理学分类体系的五个结构——积极认知、积极情绪、积极行为、积极特质和积极组织——进行了系统的介绍和分析,并指出了以往研究中存在的局限及今后研究的方向。     

行为治疗在癌症临床治疗中的应用

行为治疗是以学习理论为基础的一种心理治疗方法,近年来已被广泛用于癌症的临床治疗中,并在患者的心理和生理方面均取得一定的治疗效果。本文将对这些治疗方法及其治疗效果予以介绍     

人类怎么探知自身的由来

人类总是有兴趣希望知道自己的祖先从哪里来,但是在以前,没有能力用科学的方法探索自己祖先的来历,只能相信口口相传的传说。中国古代有女娲用黄土造人的传说,西方有上帝造人的说     

对"生之谓性"问题的几点思考

本文说明了三个问题 :一是论述了孟、告之争没有违背矛盾“同一律” ;二是探索了“生之谓性”的命题为何会成为中国古代思想家的共识 ;三是从正、反两个方面评价了“生之谓性”这一命题     

讲科学理念 用科技育人

金秋时节,孟津大地硕果累累,到处呈现着一派丰收景象。县直属中学校园内一千多名学子们带着幸福的欢笑鼓起阵阵热烈的掌声和喝彩声。当我