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241.
Susanne Brandstetter Simone Hertig Julika Loss Boris Ehrenstein Christian Apfelbacher 《Psychology & health》2016,31(6):675-692
Objective: This study aimed to explore medication adherence among adherent and non-adherent persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A special focus was put on the reasons accounting for successful medication adherence and on potential barriers or facilitating factors.
Design: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted. Eighteen participants were recruited through stratified purposive sampling according to their medication adherence level. Interviews were analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Results: Medication adherence behaviour was described on a continuum ranging from non-adherent to adherent. Participants’ current adherence level was represented as a result of inner negotiations between a variety of influential factors and the successful application of a range of strategies. The influential factors were: experiences with medication, outcome expectations, knowledge of therapeutic options, the traits ‘openness’ and ‘conscientiousness’, belief in medical progress, characteristics of the medication, level of trust in one’s physician, and perceived autonomy. Facilitating strategies were: establishing routines, using social support and the deliberate suppression of information about potential adverse events.
Conclusion: The experience of and the reasons for medication (non-)adherence from the perspective of people with RA were explored comprehensively. Participants’ ongoing negotiations between adherence and non-adherence emerged as a key finding with implications for health service providers. 相似文献
242.
This study focuses on body weight motivation based on self-determination theory. The impact of body weight motivation on longitudinal changes in food choices, recreational physical activity and body mass index was explored. A sample of adults (N = 2917, 47% men), randomly selected from the telephone book, completed a questionnaire in two consecutive years (2012, 2013), self-reporting food choices, recreational physical activity and body weight motivation. Types of body weight motivation at T1 (autonomous regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation) were tested with regard to their predictive potential for changes in food choices, recreational physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Autonomous motivation predicted improvements in food choices and long-term adherence to vigorous recreational physical activity in both genders. Introjected motivation predicted long-term adherence to vigorous recreational physical activity only in women. External motivation predicted negative changes in food choices; however, the type of body weight motivation had no impact on BMI in overweight adults in the long term. Autonomous goal-setting regarding body weight seems to be substantial for healthy food choices and adherence to recreational physical activity. 相似文献
243.
Susan M. Moore Elizabeth A. Hardie Naomi J. Hackworth Christine R. Critchley Michael Kyrios Simone A. Buzwell 《Psychology & health》2013,28(4):485-499
This study was a randomised control trial with a waiting control group. It was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month, group-based diabetes prevention programme, The Healthy Living Course and assess whether participation in the programme led to changes in modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes among an already at-risk pre-diabetic population. Individuals designated at risk for diabetes by their general practitioners (GPs) were screened using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Volunteers (N?=?307) with pre-diabetes were assigned to an intervention or wait-control group in the ratio of approximately 2?:?1. The sample was pre-tested on biochemical, anthropometric and self-report behavioural, cognitive and mood variables and post-tested either at the end of the educational/support-based lifestyle programme or the end of the wait period. The intervention group significantly improved their diabetes knowledge, motivation to change, positive affect, healthy eating and activity levels and showed significantly greater reductions in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose in comparison with controls. The intervention group also changed their diagnostic status from pre-diabetes to non-diabetes at a greater rate than the wait group (43% vs. 26%) who received standard care from their GPs. 相似文献
244.
The current research examines tacit coordination behavior in a lottery selection task. Two hundred participants in each of three experiments and 100 in a fourth choose to participate in one of two lotteries, where one lottery has a larger prize than the other. Independent of variations in the complexity of the mechanism of prize allocation, the prize amounts, and whether the lottery is the participant's first or second choice, we typically find that the percentage of participants who choose the high versus low‐prize lotteries does not significantly differ from the equilibrium predictions. This coordination is achieved without communication or experience. We additionally find that participants with an analytical thinking style and a risk‐averse tendency are more likely to choose the low‐prize lottery over the high‐prize lottery. This tendency seems to be stable across choices. The pattern of our results suggests that to achieve tacit coordination, having a subset of individuals who attend to the choices of others is sufficient. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
245.
AbstractPractices of ordering are powerful means of giving structure to people's lives and providing a sense of control. The analysis of three episodes from discussion groups on nanotechnology in Austria shows that citizens evaluate new technologies with regard to how they intersect with, support, or disturb existing orders. The concept of discursive assemblages serves as a lens for recognising the non-fixed character of the discursive process, while still allowing the analyst to identify how specific elements, such as conceptions of nature, culture, and technology, are (re)assembled at particular moments. Each of the three episodes represents a specific way of creating and negotiating assemblages: the first case demonstrates how discussants collectively discuss a nature–technology hybrid (nano-bamboo socks) against the backdrop of a highly valued ideal of keeping ‘the natural’ and ‘the technological’ separate; the second episode exemplifies a clash of two assemblages as participants argued for or against the application of nanotechnology in food products; and the third example illustrates the process of collective experimentation with different assemblages to make sense of a highly futuristic nanochip for brain enhancement. Together the episodes demonstrate that participants in public engagement settings do not address nanotechnology as a simple question of choice between acceptance and rejection but rather engage in processes of care regarding how a society might develop when technological innovations such as nanotechnology threaten to blur existing boundaries and orders, such as the distinction between nature and culture. 相似文献
246.
247.
Saskia de Maat Ph.D. Rien Van M.D. Ph.D. Marielle Hendriksen M.Sc. Simone Kool M.D. Ph.D. Gerda van Aalst M.D. 《Psychoanalytic Inquiry》2013,33(6):614-625
Short-Term Psychoanalytic Supportive Psychotherapy (SPSP) is a face-to-face, individual psychotherapy, consisting of sixteen sessions in six months (first eight weekly, then eight fortnightly sessions). It is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. Its primary aim is to cure depression. A secondary goal is to reduce a patient's vulnerability to depression. The emphasis is on supportive techniques that counter regression and foster psychological growth. The putative process consists in experiencing a relational dissonance, i.e., feeling two contradictory relationships in the therapeutic situation simultaneously, one determined by the past, the other by the present. We assume an important curative factor is to experience, mostly unconsciously, an adequate gratification of developmental needs inadequately met in early infancy and, therefore, manifesting themselves in the archaic aspects of the therapeutic relationship. SPSP unfolds as a discourse in which we distinguish nine levels. Each regards a specific subject, which at that level is the focus of the interaction between patient and therapist. The efficacy of SPSP in ambulatory patients presenting a DSM-IV defined, mild to moderate major depressive disorder has been tested in five randomized clinical trials. The results have been aggregated in a mega-analysis. They suggest that, in the treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder, SPSP and pharmacotherapy are equally efficacious and that the combination of SPSP and pharmacotherapy is more efficacious than pharmacotherapy alone but not than SPSP alone. We, therefore, consider SPSP a valuable extension to the existing options for the treatment of depressed patients. 相似文献
248.
Professional counselors who provided services to those affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita completed the K6+ (screen for severe mental illness), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Results indicated that participants who survived the hurricanes had higher levels of posttraumatic growth than participants who served as volunteers. Both volunteer and survivor‐volunteer participants were susceptible to compassion fatigue. To further resiliency, self‐care strategies were found to minimize burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. 相似文献
249.
Simone Kauffeld Eva Jonas Dieter Frey 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(1):79-100
This article addresses the effects of flexible work-time designs on employee- and company-related aims. Using objective and self-reported quantitative and qualitative data the current study examines the effects of a flexible work-time design that was introduced in a service company in Germany. Building on the learning hypothesis of the job demands?–?control model, we predicted that a highly flexible work-time design that provides employees with high demands but at the same time also with a high degree of autonomy, and self-determination over their working time leads to positive effects on employee's personal development and learning opportunities. The results supported this hypothesis. However, in addition to employee-related benefits the results also suggested benefits for the company, such as an increase in adherence to company goals. Moreover, the objective data showed a lower degree of absenteeism and higher work quality compared to the control group working with the traditional work-time design. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
250.
Ratings on a creativity rating scale of students' designs of a hands-free mobile phone holder were compared for 2 sets of raters: experts (professional art teachers) and novices (visual art students). Reliabilities of total creativity scores were high for both groups, and interjudge consistency on total creativity scores, as well as on grades, was high among novices, but not as high among experts. Correlations between grades and total functional creativity scores within and across groups of raters (experts and novices) were highly significant. Scores on the scale resembled those yielded by assessments using grades and the scale did not yield better consistency among judges than conventional grades. Nonetheless, it provided a differentiated assessment of products that made it possible to explain the basis of experts' opinions and the reasons for disagreement, and to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of students' designs in a systematic and differentiated way. 相似文献