Book reviews

Lutman, M. E. and Haggard, M. P. (Eds.). Hearing Science and Hearing Disorders. London: Academic Press. 1983. Pp. 338. ISBN 0-12-460440. £15.00.

Mehler, J., Walker, E. C. T. and Garrett, M. (Eds.). Perspectives on Mental Representation: Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Cognitive Processes and Capacities. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1982. Pp. xiv+485. ISBN 0-89859-194-5. £27.50.

Schacter, D. L. The Stranger Behind the Engram. Theories of Memory and the Psychology of Science. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1982. Pp. 294. ISBN 0-89859-245-3. £19.95.

Broughton, J. M. and Freeman-Moir, D. J. (Eds.). The Cognitive Developmental Psychology of James Mark Baldwin: Current Theory and Research in Genetic Epistemology. Norwood, N. J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 1982. Pp. 460. ISBN 0-89391-043-0. £36.50.

Flammer, A. and Kintsch, W. (Eds.). Discourse Processing (Advances in Psychology, Vol. 8). Amsterdam: North Holland. 1982. Pp. x + 614. ISBN 0-444-86515-2. £33.19.

Beaumont, J. Graham. (Ed.). Divided Visual Field Studies of Cerebral Organisation. London: Academic Press. 1982. Pp. xiii + 305. ISBN 0-12-084080-4. £18.00.

Lloyd-Bostock, S. and Clifford, B. R. (Eds.). Evaluating Witness Evidence: Recent Psychological Research and New Perspectives. Chichester: Wiley. Pp. x - 305. ISBN 0-471-10463-9. £19.95.

Jarvella, R. J. and Klein, W. (Eds.). Speech, Place and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics. Chichester: Wiley. 1982. Pp. 389. ISBN 0-471-10045-5. £22.75.

Bradshaw, J. L. and Nettleton, N. G. Human Cerebral Asymmetry. Englewood Porac, C. and Coren, S. Lateral Preferences and Human Behaviour. New York: Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 1982. Pp. 335. ISBN 0-13-444646-1. £21.00.

Porac, C. and Coren, S. Lateral Preferences and Human Behaviour. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1981. Pp. 283. ISBN 0-387-90596-0. $24.20.

Barlow, H. B. and Mollon, J. D. (Eds.). The Senses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1982. Pp. 490. ISBN 0-521-24474-9. Hardback £30.00; paperback £12.50.

Bronson, G. W. The Scanning Patterns of Human Infants: Implications for Visual Learning. Norwood, N. J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 1982. Pp. 152. ISBN 0-89391-114-3. £16.00.

Walk, R. D. and Pick, Jr., H. L. (Eds.). Intersensory Perception and Sensory Integration. New York: Plenum. 1981. Pp. 415. ISBN 0-306-40610-1. $32.50.

Underwood, G. and Stevens, R. (Eds.). Aspects of Consciousness, Vol. 2: Structural Issues. London: Academic Press. 1981. Pp. 246. ISBN 0-12-708802-4. £5.00

Underwood, G. (Ed.). Aspects of Consciousness, Vol. 3: Awareness and Self-Awareness. London: Academicpress. 1982. Pp. 331. ISBN 0-12-708803-2. £9.00.

Lehnert, W. G. and Ringle, M. H. (Eds.). Strategies for Natural Language Processing. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1982. Pp. xxii + 533. ISBN 0-89859-191-0. £ 27.50.     

Nationality, Distributive Justice and the Use of Force

To whom do we owe obligations of distributive justice? In the last decade a number of distinguished political theorists — such as David Miller and Yael Tamir — have defended a nationalist account of our distributive obligations. This paper examines their account of distributive justice. In particular, it analyses their contention (a) that individuals owe special obligations to fellow-nationals, (b) that these obligations are obligations of distributive justice and (c) that these obligations are enforceable. Miller and Tamir's justifications, I argue, do not support these claims. Moreover, I argue, (a) and (c) should only be accepted in a greatly qualified form and (b) should be rejected altogether. The paper thus concludes that the nationalists' preferred account of distributive justice is untenable.     

Fiduciary Duties and Moral Blackmail

In meeting legal or professional fiduciary obligations, a fiduciary can sometimes come to share a special moral relationship with her beneficiary. Special moral relationships produce special moral obligations. Sometimes the obligations faced by a fiduciary as a result of her moral relationship with her beneficiary go beyond the obligations involved in the initial fiduciary relationship. How such moral obligations develop is sometimes under the control of the beneficiary, or of an outside party. As a result, the fiduciary can be the target of a distinctive kind of moral manipulation; it is sometimes possible to force a fiduciary to perform a particular act by placing her into circumstances under which she is morally obliged to perform it, because all her other options are morally unacceptable. This is moral blackmail. Moral blackmail is a powerful force within many sorts of human interactions. By understanding the ways in which fiduciaries become vulnerable to moral blackmail, we can better understand the pressures faced by fiduciaries in keeping their personal and professional lives separate, the dynamics of certain kinds of employment negotiations, and the injustice that results when women take on the bulk of the work within caring professions.