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971.
Phonological processing during silent reading in teenagers who are deaf/hard of hearing: an eye movement investigation 下载免费PDF全文
Hazel I. Blythe Jonathan H. Dickins Colin R. Kennedy Simon P. Liversedge 《Developmental science》2018,21(5)
There has been considerable variability within the literature concerning the extent to which deaf/hard of hearing individuals are able to process phonological codes during reading. Two experiments are reported in which participants’ eye movements were recorded as they read sentences containing correctly spelled words (e.g., church), pseudohomophones (e.g., cherch), and spelling controls (e.g., charch). We examined both foveal processing and parafoveal pre‐processing of phonology for three participant groups—teenagers with permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL), chronological age‐matched controls, and reading age‐matched controls. The teenagers with PCHL showed a pseudohomophone advantage from both directly fixated words and parafoveal preview, similar to their hearing peers. These data provide strong evidence for phonological recoding during silent reading in teenagers with PCHL. 相似文献
972.
This study outlines a new paradigm for the investigation of the effects of deliberation on political decisions. Specifically, it uses the ultimatum game as a situation in which the opportunity to deliberate and the placement of this opportunity are experimentally manipulated. Structural factors, such as the players' roles and their ability to vote on the proposal being offered, are also manipulated as a basis for comparison. Two outcomes are examined: the games' allocations, and players' perceptions of fairness. After controlling for structural factors, deliberative opportunity creates a more equitable distribution of money and enhances fairness perceptions. However, these results hold only when such an opportunity occurs before the proposal stage. Deliberative opportunity after the proposal stage has no discernible impact. A survey of participants found that their personal characteristics and political predispositions influence perceptions of fairness for proposers, but not for acceptors. These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of deliberation while highlighting the importance of the nature of its implementation in determining its level of success. 相似文献
973.
974.
Haddon JE George DN Grayson L McGowan C Honey RC Killcross S 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(1):1-9
Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia have been characterized as reflecting a core deficit in the maintenance or use of task-setting cues to mediate appropriate ongoing behaviour. This analysis suggests that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia will be particularly evident when different task-setting cues dictate when different responses are required by the same stimuli. One simple task in which task-setting cues are required is a biconditional discrimination. Here we examined the performance of participants with high and low schizotypy scores (Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995) on a biconditional discrimination and an otherwise equivalent, control discrimination that did not require the use of task-setting cues. Participants scoring highly on the Introvertive Anhedonia subscale (which has been allied to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia) performed poorly on the biconditional, but not on the control, discrimination. No other subscales demonstrated a significant influence on either biconditional or control performance. 相似文献
975.
This research examined the relative impact of a hoped‐for, thin body and a feared, overweight body on weight‐loss dieting (WLD) motivation. We hypothesised that the women most motivated to engage in WLD would report a higher similarity to, and a higher cognitive availability of, a feared, overweight body. In study 1, WLD motivation was operationalized as WLD intention and in study 2 as a food choice (chocolate bar versus low‐fat snack bar). As expected, those most similar to the feared body and who had a highly available overweight body had the greatest intention to engage in WLD, and were more likely to choose a low‐fat snack over a chocolate bar. The implications of our findings for future research as well as the development of eating pathology in college women are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
976.
Simon Lloyd D. Restubog Patrick Raymund James M. GarciaLemuel S. Toledano Rajiv K. AmarnaniLaramie R. Tolentino Robert L. Tang 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(2):247-251
Guided by the Strength Model of Self-control (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) and the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), we examined the role of self-control in buffering the negative relationship between perceived organizational justice and cyberloafing behavior. Two hundred thirty-eight employee and co-worker dyads participated in the study. Organizational justice negatively predicted cyberloafing behavior, though this relationship had ceased to be statistically significant after controlling for gender, age, and hours of internet use for work-related activities. In addition, self-control moderated this relationship. Specifically, there was a stronger negative relationship between perceived organizational justice and cyberloafing for employees with high as opposed to low levels of self-control. 相似文献
977.
The aim of the current study was to examine whether the timing of sleep have changed over the last two decades. As part of a general survey of activities throughout the 24-hr. cycle, collected in 1980, 1990, and 2000 by Statistics Norway, information on sleep timing was obtained for every 15-min. interval for 1 wk. All three samples were representative of Norwegians. The age span was from 16 to 74 years. Timing of sleep was significantly delayed in 2000 compared to 1990 and especially so in 1980, but with no change in total amount of sleep. From 1980 to 2000, there was an increasing discrepancy in sleep or wake timing between weekdays and weekends. The current analyses show that people sleep as much as before but do so at different times. The increased discrepancy between weekdays and weekends indicates that overall sleep habits are poorer now than previously. 相似文献
978.
We developed a model of the relationships among aggressive norms, abusive supervision, psychological distress, family undermining, and supervisor-directed deviance. We tested the model in 2 studies using multisource data: a 3-wave investigation of 184 full-time employees (Study 1) and a 2-wave investigation of 188 restaurant workers (Study 2). Results revealed that (a) abusive supervision mediated the relationship between aggressive norms and psychological distress, (b) psychological distress mediated the effects of abusive supervision on spouse undermining, (c) abusive supervision had a direct positive relationship with supervisor-directed deviance, (d) the positive relationship between psychological distress and spouse undermining was stronger for men as opposed to women, and (e) employees engaged in relationship-oriented occupations reported greater levels of abusive supervision and psychological distress. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
979.
The representations that underlie our ability to read must encode not only the identities of the letters in a word, but also
their relative positions. In recent years, many new proposals have been advanced concerning the representation of letter position
in reading, but the available data do not distinguish among the competing proposals; multiple theories, each positing a different
letter position representation scheme, are compatible with the evidence. In this article, we report two experiments that used
the illusory word paradigm (e.g., Davis & Bowers, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30:
923–941, 2004) to distinguish among alternative schemes for representing letter position in reading. The results support a scheme that
uses both the beginning and the end of a word as anchoring points. This both-edges scheme has been implicated in letter position
representation in spelling (Fischer-Baum, McCloskey, & Rapp, Cognition, 115: 466–490, 2010), as well as in position representation in verbal working memory (Henson, Memory & Cognition, 27: 915–927, 1999), suggesting that it may be a domain-general scheme for representing position in a sequence. 相似文献
980.
Rackstraw S 《Psychology, health & medicine》2011,16(5):548-563
Neurocognitive impairments following central nervous system opportunistic infections and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) were common clinical features of HIV infection prior to anti-retroviral therapy. As HIV infection has evolved from an invariably fatal disease with a poor prognosis to a condition requiring long-term management, HIV-related neurocognitive disorders have been the subject of increasing research. This review will examine the recent changes in the understanding of the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) including the changing epidemiology, risk factors associated with its development, methods for screening for the disorders and evolving treatment options. 相似文献