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161.
Language function and dysfunction among Chinese- and English-speaking polyglots: Cortical stimulation, Wada Testing, and clinical studies 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Language functions in a group of Chinese- and English-speaking polyglots living in a multiracial society have been investigated by several methods: the effects of cortical stimulation on object-naming and reading tasks in patients who required awake craniotomy, lateralization of cerebral dominance for speech by the Wada Test, and the pattern of language loss and recovery following stroke. The data indicate that these polyglots were all left hemisphere dominant for the languages tested: no consistent evidence for increased participation by the right hemisphere for language functions was found. The cortical stimulation experiments provided data most compatible with the "differential localization" model of cerebral localization in bilingualism. The variable which most influenced performance in all of these investigations was which language was used primarily for speaking as well as reading and writing at the time of the study. 相似文献
162.
王充心理学思想新论——兼议中国古代心理学思想史研究方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文试图寻求一种新的研究模式,来探索王充的心理学思想。这个模式主要包括两个方法论原则,即:(一)置于思想群系的原则;(二)依据自身逻辑的原则。在这一研究模式引导下,作者发现“唯实唯验”是王充心理学思想的基点。并由此推论出(一)王充心理学思想的本质是“心理即力”;(二)其特征是“心理外显”,而这两者是分别体现在他的人论和心论的思想之中。 相似文献
163.
Lessons on the utilization of research from nine case experiences in the natural hazards field 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Research-funding organizations and research investigators can take several steps to improve the utilization of scientific
research. These steps were derived from nine case studies of research projects in the natural hazards field, representing
three academic fields of study: physical science, social science, and architecture.
The case studies investigated the extent to which these projects corroborated the conditions associated with specific theories
of research utilization. Following a replication research design, the cross-case conclusions were that greater utilization
will result where research investigators and users maintain a rich set of professional communications over time, leading to
research that is: academically excellent, addresses practical problems, can be modified in the early stages to be responsive
to users’ needs, and produces usable products.
Robert K. Yin is President of COSMOS Corporation, which specializes in both social science research and in information systems
development. Dr. Yin also serves as a visiting professor, department of Computer Science and Information Systems, American
University, Washington, D.C. 20016.
Gwendolyn B. Moore is a senior manager for Nolan, Norton, & Co., an information technology affiliate of Peat Marwick. She
specializes in information technology and strategic planning projects, and holds an MBA in Business Policy from the University
of Massachusetts. 相似文献
164.
Hernan I. Savastano Hua Yin Robert C. Barnet Ralph R. Miller 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1998,51(2):139-153
The Hall-Pearce (1979) negative transfer effect in rats was used to examine whether temporal relationships are coded as part of the informational content of associations that result from CS-US pairings. The transfer effect consists of adeficit in conditioned responding following CS-US pairings in Phase 2 that results from prior CS-US pairings in Phase 1. strong weak Using conditioned bar-press suppression, we found that gaps of different duration between CS termination and US onset in the two training phases resulted in less of a Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect than did an equivalent gap in the twotraining phases. The results are discussed with respect tothe temporal coding hypothesis (Matzel, Held, &Miller, 1988), the Pearce and Hall (1980) model, and Bouton's (1993) interference model. 相似文献
165.
Transitions in sleep problems from late adolescence to young adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of the effects of peer victimization 下载免费PDF全文
Ling‐Yin Chang Hsing‐Yi Chang Linen Nymphas Lin Chi‐Chen Wu Lee‐Lan Yen 《Aggressive behavior》2018,44(1):69-82
166.
Conducting community‐based participatory research in an urban Malaysian community: Lessons learned and challenges in establishing partnerships 下载免费PDF全文
Gaik Kin Teoh Maw Pin Tan Joo Siang Tan Mei Chan Chong 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2018,28(3):156-168
This paper presents the process of how partnerships are established between an urban residential community and an academic institution in Malaysia by employing community‐based participatory research, which involves researchers, community members, and organizational representatives as coresearchers. The research process encompasses colearning, power sharing, and coconstructing of knowledge, with the community members driving the research direction. The research paradigm is grounded on conducting research with the community. This paper highlights the experience and lessons learned while applying the principles of community‐based participatory research that promotes social participation of older persons living in a residential community. Two pertinent challenges surface in the research process. The first challenge involves the complexity noted in the gap between the emancipation of community‐based participatory research and the hierarchical social structure of the society. The second challenge is the prevalence of unspoken yet subtle domination that undermines the local cultural values affecting the process of coconstructing knowledge with the community. Recommendations for addressing these challenges include future partnerships with other Malaysian communities as well as cross‐border research partnerships. 相似文献
167.
Aynur Coşkunlu Ezgi Tanıl Anne Coffey Dicle Büyüktaşkın 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2018,32(1):19-39
We describe the use of child art psychotherapy (CAP) following the Vasarhelyi method in an 11-year-old female with a history of anxiety and depression which limited her capacity to attend school and in a 15-year-old male who had a history of depressive symptoms with suicidal thinking. In each case, the use of other therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy was not possible or unsuccessful. Through the creation of images, each young person revealed concerns which had not been previously verbalised, and recovery was linked in time to the revelation of these worries. We propose the use of the Vasarhelyi method of CAP as an adjunctive treatment of depression in young people. 相似文献
168.
Marta Matos Gonçalves Maria Salomé Pinho Mário R. Simões 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2018,25(2):290-317
We aimed to analyze the construct and concurrent validity of the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Reaction Time (RTI), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®). Inclusion criteria were checked in a first session. The CANTAB and additional pencil-and-paper tests were administered within 1 week. The participants (aged 69–96 years) were 137 Portuguese adults without neuropsychiatric diagnoses and 37 adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Comparisons were made between the CANTAB tests and between these tests and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Verbal Fluency (VF) test, and some Wechsler Memory Scale-III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III subtests. Most intra-test correlations were stronger than the CANTAB inter-test correlations. The RVP correlated more with VF animals (.44), the PAL with RCFT immediate recall (–.52), the RTI with RVP mean latency (.42), and the SWM with Spatial Span backward (–.39). 相似文献
169.
A key question in cognition is whether animals that are proficient in a specific cognitive domain (domain specific hypothesis), such as spatial learning, are also proficient in other domains (domain general hypothesis) or whether there is a trade-off. Studies testing among these hypotheses are biased towards mammals and birds. To understand constraints on the evolution of cognition more generally, we need broader taxonomic and phylogenetic coverage. We used Australian eastern water skinks (Eulamprus quoyii) with known spatial learning ability in three additional tasks: an instrumental and two discrimination tasks. Under domain specific learning we predicted that lizards that were good at spatial learning would perform less well in the discrimination tasks. Conversely, we predicted that lizards that did not meet our criterion for spatial learning would likewise perform better in discrimination tasks. Lizards with domain general learning should perform approximately equally well (or poorly) in these tasks. Lizards classified as spatial learners performed no differently to non-spatial learners in both the instrumental and discrimination learning tasks. Nevertheless, lizards were proficient in all tasks. Our results reveal two patterns: domain general learning in spatial learners and domain specific learning in non-spatial learners. We suggest that delineating learning into domain general and domain specific may be overly simplistic and we need to instead focus on individual variation in learning ability, which ultimately, is likely to play a key role in fitness. These results, in combination with previously published work on this species, suggests that this species has behavioral flexibility because they are competent across multiple cognitive domains and are capable of reversal learning. 相似文献
170.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of different self-centered moods on music preference without listening to music. Participants’ affective state (sad vs. happy vs. neutral) were experimentally manipulated through the mood induction procedure, and then their preferences for music were ascertained through self-reports. To understand participants’ internal motivations for their choices, we also asked them to indicate how appropriate he/she felt it would be to select the different music types as well as why they made such choices. Results suggested that participants in a sad mood were inclined to listen to sad (and slow) music, those in a happy mood preferred to listen to happy (and fast) music, and those in a neutral mood did not consistently prefer to listen to neutral music. In addition, participants were averse to sad music when they were in a happy or neutral mood; while they showed no aversion to happy music when they were in a sad mood. In conclusion, individuals select valence-consistent music when they are in an autobiographical memory-induced mood state. 相似文献