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741.
Elizabeth S. Bryant Sheila J. Floyd Alberto B. Santos Christopher J. Colangelo 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》1999,5(2):91-104
A systematic approach for monitoring case management service provision and the results obtained when this approach was applied to a program for community-dwelling elders with severe mental illness are presented. A detailed, closed-ended, daily service log was used to collect data on 713 client-contact days. Participants (N = 24) were predominantly female (71%), were White (63%) or African American (37%), and tended to have diagnoses of either schizophrenia (42%) or major depression (21%). Services were delivered most frequently in the client's home (47%), the program office (35%), or by phone (27%); most frequent activities were monitoring psychiatric symptoms/medications (62 %), and monitoring physical symptoms or medications or both (54%). Service characteristics did not differ with regard to demographics but did vary with living situation and psychiatric diagnosis. The findings point to the need for flexible programs capable of meeting diverse service needs as well as the utility of a daily service log in studying case management. 相似文献
742.
Rafael Roesler Mnica R. M. Vianna Fernanda de-Paris Joo Quevedo 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》1999,72(3):252-258
The aim of the present research was to verify whether the impairment of retention induced by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker (+)-10,11-dihydro-5-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5,10 imine (MK-801) can be reversed by memory-enhancing treatments. Adult female Wistar rats were trained and tested in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task (0.3-mA foot shock, 24-h training-test interval). Animals were given an ip injection of saline (SAL) or MK-801 (0.0625 mg/kg) 30 minutes before training, and an ip injection of SAL, epinephrine (EPI) (25 microg/kg), the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (NAL) (0.4 mg/kg), the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (DEX) (0.3 mg/kg), or glucose (GLU) (320 mg/kg) immediately after training. There was an impairment of inhibitory avoidance retention in the MK-801-SAL, MK-801-EPI, MK-801-NAL, MK-801-DEX, and MK-801-GLU groups. There was an enhancement of retention in the SAL-EPI, SAL-NAL, SAL-DEX, and SAL-GLU groups. A control experiment showed that the amnestic effects of MK-801 could not be attributed to decreased reactivity to the foot shock. The results suggest that memory-enhancing treatments directed at modulatory mechanisms do not reverse the memory impairment induced by NMDA receptor blockade. 相似文献
743.
Fernando Silva Rosario Martínez-Arias Ety Rapaport Andrea Ertle Generós Ortet 《Personality and individual differences》1997,23(6):973-985
The DOI Kit is a four-version instrument (Junior Self and Other-Report, and Adult Self-and Other-Report) developed in Spain to measure ‘Dimensions of Interpersonal Orientation’ (Spanish: ‘Dimensiones de Orientación Interpersonal’ or DOI), which are defined as prevalent postures in interpersonal behaviour. The DOI Kit has six first-level scales that collapse into two broad oblique dimensions: Prosocial versus Antisocial Behaviour, and Sociability versus Unsociability.The aim of this article is to find out whether the first- and second-level structure of the Spanish DOI Kit can also be applied to data gathered in Chile and in Germany. A total of eight groups of data were studied. In order to find the best common structure for Spanish, Chilean, and German samples, Simultaneous Component Analysis (SCA) was applied. SCA shows an excellent replication of the original DOI Kit structure. This is also found when separate factor analyses (varimax and oblimin rotations) are performed. 相似文献
744.
Jairo José Da Silva 《Axiomathes》2002,13(2):107-126
In this paper I argue for the view that the axioms of ZF are analytic truths of a particular concept of set. By this I mean
that these axioms are true by virtue only of the meaning attached to this concept, and, moreover, can be derived from it.
Although I assume that the object of ZF is a concept of set, I refrain from asserting either its independent existence, or
its dependence on subjectivity. All I presuppose is that this concept is given to us with a certain sense as the objective
focus of a ”phenomenologically reduced“ intentional experience.
The concept of set that ZF describes, I claim, is that of a multiplicity of coexisting elements that can, as a consequence,
be a member of another multiplicity. A set is conceived as a quantitatively determined collection of objects that is, by necessity,
ontologically dependent on its elements, which, on the other hand, must exist independently of it. A close scrutiny of the
essential characters of this conception seems to be sufficient to ground the set-theoretic hierarchy and the axioms of ZF.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
745.
Good-Enough Representations in Language Comprehension 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Fernanda Ferreira Karl G.D. Bailey & Vittoria Ferraro 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(1):11-15
People comprehend utterances rapidly and without conscious effort. Traditional theories assume that sentence processing is algorithmic and that meaning is derived compositionally. The language processor is believed to generate representations of the linguistic input that are complete, detailed, and accurate. However, recent findings challenge these assumptions. Investigations of the misinterpretation of both garden-path and passive sentences have yielded support for the idea that the meaning people obtain for a sentence is often not a reflection of its true content. Moreover, incorrect interpretations may persist even after syntactic reanalysis has taken place. Our good-enough approach to language comprehension holds that language processing is sometimes only partial and that semantic representations are often incomplete. Future work will elucidate the conditions under which sentence processing is simply good enough. 相似文献
746.
Kozasa EH Santos RF Rueda AD Benedito-Silva AA De Ornellas FL Leite JR 《Psychological reports》2008,103(1):271-274
Siddha Samadhi Yoga is a program in which meditation is associated with pranayama (breathing exercises). 22 volunteers with anxiety complaints (M age = 42.8 yr., SD = 10.3) were assigned to two groups: 14 attended the yoga group, and 8 attended a waiting-list or control group. They were evaluated before the intervention and 1 month after it on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tension Feelings Self-evaluation Scales, and the Well-being Self-evaluation Scales. A significant reduction in scores on anxiety, depression, and tension was found in yoga group, as well as an increase in well-being in comparison with the control group. 相似文献
747.
The question of the psychoanalysis as science is recurring. We can consider, at the very least, that it is a practice based on a rational and formal theory. But, according to the project of Freud to give it statute of an empirical science, remains to find the method which would allow, in a field which lends itself badly to the traditional experimentation or even “with single case”, to validate its proposals empirically. Here the difficulties and condition of such a validation are examined, which would allow, moreover, of advancing on the question of the evaluation of its therapeutic effects. 相似文献
748.
Syntactically ambiguous sentences are sometimes read faster than disambiguated strings. Models of parsing have explained this tendency by appealing either to a race in the construction of alternative structures or to reanalysis. However, it is also possible that readers of ambiguous sentences save time by strategically underspecifying interpretations of ambiguous attachments. In a self-paced reading study, participants viewed sentences with relative clauses that could attach to one of two sites. Type of question was also manipulated between participants in order to test whether goals can influence reading/parsing strategies. The experiment revealed an ambiguity advantage in reading times, but only when participants expected superficial comprehension questions. When participants expected queries about relative clause interpretation, disambiguating regions were inspected with more care, and the ambiguity advantage was attenuated. However, even when participants expected relative clause queries, question-answering times suggested underspecified representations of ambiguous relative clause attachments. The results support the construal and "good-enough" models of parsing. 相似文献
749.
Lateralization of verbal processing is frequently studied with the dichotic listening technique, yielding a so called right ear advantage (REA) to consonant-vowel (CV) syllables. However, little is known about how background noise affects the REA. To address this issue, we presented CV-syllables either in silence or with traffic background noise vs. 'babble'. Both 'babble' and traffic noise resulted in a smaller REA compared to the silent condition. The traffic noise, moreover, had a significantly greater negative effect on the REA than the 'babble', caused both by a decreased right ear response as well as an increased left ear response. The results are discussed in terms of alertness and attentional factors. 相似文献
750.
It has been hypothesized that a local processing bias underlies overall visuospatial impairments in Williams syndrome (WS). However, recent studies have challenged this hypothesis by providing evidence against a local processing bias at the perceptual level. The aim of the present study was to further examine drawing and perceptual skills in children with WS using closely matched-hierarchical stimuli. In the drawing task children with WS exhibited a local processing bias. However, no significant preferential bias was found in the perceptual task. This indicates that children with WS do not systematically present a preferential bias for local information. Taken together the findings of the present study suggest that perceptual processing deficits per se are unlikely to explain local processing biases in visuoconstructive tasks often described in people with WS. 相似文献