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41.
Margalit Ziv Ayelet Solomon Sidney Strauss Douglas Frye 《Journal of cognition and development》2016,17(2):264-284
The relations among children’s theory of mind (ToM), their understanding of the intentionality of teaching, and their own peer teaching strategies were tested. Seventy-five 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds completed 11 ToM and understanding-of-teaching tasks. Subsequently, 30 of the children were randomly chosen to teach a peer how to play a board game, and their teaching strategies and levels of contingent teaching were recorded. There were developmental changes in the children’s understanding of teaching as an intentional activity. When teaching their peers, 3-year-olds used demonstration, whereas 4- and 5-year-olds added verbal explanations and began to adapt contingently to the learners’ changing knowledge level. Relations among ToM, understanding of teaching, and teaching level were found. The results suggest that the development of children’s teaching strategies and their contingency are closely tied to the development of ToM. 相似文献
42.
Sidney H. Griffith 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2004,15(3):299-316
The Cistercian, Trappist monk Thomas Merton (1915–1968), author of numerous books on Christian spirituality, monasticism and social commentary, was a forerunner in popular inter‐religious dialogue in the twentieth century. In this connection, he is best known for his sympathetic explorations of themes from Asian religions, particularly Zen and other forms of Buddhism. This article calls attention to his studies in Islam, initially under the guidance of Louis Massignon (1883–1962), and particularly in Sufism. It highlights his interactions with a number of contemporary Muslim thinkers, and describes his decade‐long correspondence with a Pakistani Muslim student of Sufi texts, a unique instance of a sustained dialogue in letters on religious themes between a Muslim and a Christian in modern times. The article also calls attention to the ways in which Merton took inspiration from Islamic sources in the development of his own spiritual teaching. 相似文献
43.
Although there are some studies documenting structural brain changes during late adolescence, there are few showing functional brain changes over this period in humans. Of special interest would be functional changes in the medial frontal cortex that reflect response monitoring. In order to examine such age-related differences, the authors analyzed event-related potentials following errors in a visual flanker task and a go/no-go task in adolescent males, 15-16 and 18-20 years old. Response times and accuracy were comparable between groups on each task, but the younger group made more go/no-go errors, suggesting this task was more difficult. Error-related negativity, thought to be generated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), had greater amplitude for the older adolescents on both tasks; thus the increased errors are not simply due to performance level differences. Results from this study suggest that the ACC, which supports response monitoring, is late to mature due to age-related structural or neurochemical changes. 相似文献
44.
Comment on Confucian Family Love from a Christian Perspective 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sidney Callahan 《Dao》2008,7(2):145-149
45.
Maintained attitudinal changes in nursing personnel after a brief training on suicide prevention 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Botega NJ Silva SV Reginato DG Rapeli CB Cais CF Mauro ML Stefanello S Cecconi JP 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(2):145-153
Nursing personnel (N = 317) working at a general hospital attended a 6-hour training program on suicide prevention. They answered anonymously pre- and post-training the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), which comprises 21 visual analogue scale items divided in three factorial subscales. The results indicated there were positive changes in the attitudes and these gains were significantly maintained at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. Improvement was in the Feelings and Professional Capacity subscales (ANOVA; p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). There was no change on the Right to Suicide subscale. Because attitudes influence the effectiveness of health care personnel interventions, our findings may have important implications for the development of suicide prevention programs. 相似文献
46.
47.
Michael E. Hyland Sidney H. Irvine Clive Thacker Peter L. Dann Ian Dennis 《Current Psychology》1989,8(3):228-233
The factor structure of the Stunkard-Messick Eating Questionnaire (SMEQ) differs from that of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
(DEBQ). Using students and members of a weight watchers club, we factor-analyzed responses to the SMEQ and produced a solution
which was different from that obtained by Stunkard and Messick, but which had some similarities to the factor structure of
the DEBQ. “External” taste items and “internal” hunger items loaded on the same factor, a finding inconsistent with externality
theory but consistent with the common sense notion of appetite strength. Although our finding suggests factor instability
of the SMEQ, the stability of the DEBQ appears to be the consequence of a restricted range of DEBQ items compared with SMEQ
items.
Financial support for this research was given by Lilly Industries. 相似文献
48.
Sidney Rosen Susan E. Mickler Wai Hing Cheuk William D. McIntosh Thomas F. Harlow Patrick Rawa Winona Cochran 《Current Psychology》1996,15(2):99-112
Two experiments support and extend the thesis that rejection of their help is stressful for would-be helpers, and that it
leads to “damage controlling” reactions whose eventual goal is to restore their self-image of being efficacious at helping
and caring. American college students were invited to offer help, if they wished, to a poorly performing (confederate) recipient
who then either rejected or accepted it. Rejected helpers expressed relatively negative affect, biased postdictions of low
acceptance, claims of low decision control, recipient- and self-devaluation, and less desire for further association. Individual
differences in self-perceived “efficacious caring” and manipulated level of recipient need were shown to moderate some of
these outcome reactions. Violated expectancy of acceptance was shown to mediate some of these reactions. Studies were cited
showing the generalizability of these findings and theoretical framework to applied contexts and across cultural settings. 相似文献
49.
50.
Concrete operational Ss were provided empirical evidence of nonconservation of discontinuous quantity and weight. The findings were that few Ss accepted this evidence. This was interpreted as supporting the organismic-developmental claim that lower forms of reasoning are transformed into structurally more advanced forms. It was also found that (1) probing provides a more accurate assessment of Ss' operational levels, (2) one can empirically distinguish between logicomathematical and physical knowledge, and (3) the former is understood by Ss to be nomically necessary and the latter, in the case of weight, may not be. 相似文献