排序方式: 共有83条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Xiuyan Guo Nan Zhao Si Wang Weilin Chen Rong Gong Baihua Xu 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(2):210-224
Risk preference during decision making depends not only on the potential risk and profits but also on the roles taken in the current task. Those who perform tasks are more risk-seeking than those who only watch. Given the prominent effect of experiencing the task, the player–spectator discrepancies are supposed to arise in the experiencing phase instead of the choosing phase. In the present study, the authors separated the experiencing role and the choosing role through a stylus maze task in which participants first performed in pairs—one as the player and the other as the spectator—and then chose from two rewarding options for themselves or their partners. The findings show that the experience as players induced a risk-seeking tendency in decision making, which suggests that it was the experiencing role, rather than the choosing role, that caused the difference of risk preference, at least for financially motivated groups and under similar task conditions. 相似文献
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Xinyuan Zhang Sascha Zuber Si Liu Matthias Kliegel 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2017,14(1):102-117
The present study applied a 2 × 2 experimental design to assess prospective memory (PM) development across preschool age and to examine the effect of task instructor status (researcher vs. significant other) on PM performance in 80 preschool children. Participants were required to name pictures (ongoing task [OT]), and to remember to refrain from naming but instead give a different response to certain target cues (PM task). Although the OT was of comparable difficulty for both age groups (as indicated by no performance differences), results still indicated significantly higher PM performance in 5-year-olds than in 3-year-olds, confirming the age-related increase of PM capacities between 3 and 5 years. Furthermore, results showed a performance-enhancing effect of significant others as task instructors on both age-groups. Post-hoc analysis revealed that 3-year-olds instructed by a significant other still performed marginally worse than 5-year-olds instructed by a researcher, underlining the finding that substantial changes of PM capacities take place during early childhood. 相似文献
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Jones SE Manstead AS Livingstone AG 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2011,102(1):71-96
Drawing on social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory (IET), we examined group processes underlying bullying behaviour. Children were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a perpetrator's group, a target's group, or a third party group. They then read a gender-consistent scenario in which the norm of the perpetrator's group (to be kind or unkind towards others) was manipulated, and an instance of cyberbullying between the perpetrator's group and a member of the target's group was described. It was found that group membership, group norms, and the proposed antecedents of the group-based emotions of pride, shame, and anger (but not guilt) influenced group-based emotions and action tendencies in ways predicted by social identity and IET. The results underline the importance of understanding group-level emotional reactions when it comes to tackling bullying, and show that being part of a group can be helpful in overcoming the negative effects of bullying. 相似文献
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Sex Roles - The present study aimed to explore the moderating role of three dimensions of media literacy on the relationship between media exposure and body dissatisfaction, mediated by thin-ideal... 相似文献
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本研究深入考察了我国现阶段小学儿童算术估算能力的发展状况。通过运用自编材料对1027名儿童的团体与个别测试,发现其估算能力的发展具有如下特点:(1)明显受到题目类型的影响,但在不同年龄阶段影响又不尽相同。(2)三年级可能是整数和小数估算能力发展的一个关键期,五年级是发展分数估算能力的较好时期。(3)不同估算策略的发展进程差别相当大,不同时期都有发展的侧重点。(4)小学儿童在估算时易发生多种错误,而且不同年级均有一些典型错误。另外研究还对儿童估算能力、策略与错误类型的发展进行了深入讨论。 相似文献
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本文从经济形态、政治制度、社会结构、思想观念、人格特征五个方面对中英两国文明进行观照,认为中英文明分别具有“早生晚熟”和“晚生早熟”的不同特征,而这又是与双方文明进程迥然、专制程度差异、社会结构有别以及对待传统态度不同分不开的。正是这些差别造成了中华文明从先行到落后,而英国文明虽后来反居上。因此,只有丢掉包袱。轻装上阵。中华民族才能浴火重生。 相似文献
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大学生形成析取概念的假设检验策略研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
运用布鲁纳等人设计的用以研究合取概念的实验材料,研究了大学生形成合取、维度内析取、维度间析取等人工概念的假设检验策略。结果表明,大学生倾向于优先使用单维检验策略(包括单维变化策略和单维肯定策略)。这种策略有利于很快解决合取问题和维度内析取问题,却不利于维度间析取任务的完成,因此大学生解决维度间析取的成功率显著低于合取和维度内析取。 相似文献
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Chun-Qing Zhang Gangyan Si Pak-Kwong Chung Daniel F. Gucciardi 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2016,28(4):437-451
Previous research suggests that mindfulness and experiential avoidance are negatively and positively related to athlete burnout, respectively. It is unknown, however, whether experiential avoidance functions as a mediator between mindfulness and athlete burnout. To address this gap, 387 elite Chinese junior athletes (M = 15.44 years, SD = 1.42) completed self-report measures of mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and athlete burnout. Findings provided cross-sectional evidence that experiential avoidance mediated the inverse association from mindfulness to each of the three burnout dimensions. No gender difference of these indirect effects was revealed. This study is the first to test the theoretical sequence in which mindfulness is associated with athlete burnout via experiential avoidance and provide additional support the adaptive nature of mindfulness. 相似文献