Canadian Immigrants’ Access to a First Job in Their Intended Occupation

Using detailed information on employment trajectory provided by the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, this study examines the labor market outcomes of recent immigrants in terms of the duration until access to a first job in their intended occupation, as determined by a question in the first wave interview on labor market intentions. The matching between actual and intended occupations is obtained from the first two digits of the National Occupational Classification codes, which consider successively occupation type and skill level. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, the study investigates the roles of factors related to human and social capital in speeding up the matching process between actual and intended occupations. It is found that the initial year in Canada is critical for an immigrant to land a job in the intended field; after that period, the hazards of finding employment in the intended occupation flatten down. In general, those with intention to work in nonprofessional jobs, such as sales and services, trades, transport and equipment operators, primary industry, and processing and manufacturing occupations, enter the first job in the intended occupation more quickly. The results also show that education, English language ability, Canadian work experience, and friend networks facilitate access to the intended occupation.     

大学生社会支持对主观幸福感的影响机制——自我控制及抑郁的中介作用

以300名大学生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨了自我控制、抑郁在社会支持与主观幸福感关系间的中介效应。结果发现：(1) 自我控制和抑郁都在社会支持预测主观幸福感时具有中介效应;(2) 抑郁与自我控制相互作用调节着社会支持与主观幸福感的关系,在其中起着中介影响作用。采用EQS5.7b分析进一步验证了这一结果。     

美的就是好的?外貌吸引力在亲密关系中的作用

外貌吸引力对亲密关系的建立和发展发挥着不可忽视的作用。由于高外貌吸引力个体被认为具有更多的社会理想特质和更优良的基因, 因此被视为具有更高的配偶价值, 从而有效地促进亲密关系的建立。然而在亲密关系发展中, 由于不匹配的外貌吸引力引起低外貌吸引力伴侣采取一系列的伴侣保留、嫉妒、侮辱和性强迫行为, 从而加速亲密关系的破裂。也有研究指出高外貌吸引力男性可能不具有良好的基因, 而女性也不会在繁殖高峰期偏爱高外貌吸引力男性。“美的就是好的”的看法正在受到质疑, 研究结果也已引发了诸多争议和分歧, 相关的直接证据亦有待进一步夯实。     

手写体文字识别的特点及神经机制

手写体文字与打印体文字的识别过程存在很大差异, 与打印体文字相比, 手写体文字的识别受文本材料的影响更大, 具体包括文字的物理结构特性、文字特性、书写风格等。有关神经机制的研究发现, 手写体文字识别加工所涉及的脑区与打印体文字有所区别, 它既包含识别打印体文字的枕叶和外侧额顶叶, 还涉及到手写体文字识别的文化特异性脑区, 包括左后侧运动皮层, 外侧前额叶和后侧顶叶皮层。手写体文字加工既涉及整体加工, 也涉及特征加工, 加工方式既有其特异性, 又有与打印体文字的共同之处。未来研究应该进一步探究大脑在识别手写体文字时, 怎样在嘈杂的视觉信息中提取目标词, 并考虑手写体文字识别理论模型的构建, 以便更好地解释手写体文字的识别过程。     

Correction for Item Response Theory Latent Trait Measurement Error in Linear Mixed Effects Models

Psychometrika - When latent variables are used as outcomes in regression analysis, a common approach that is used to solve the ignored measurement error issue is to take a multilevel perspective on...     

青少年人格现代性的城乡差异比较

以台湾学者杨国枢等编制的多元人格现代性和多元个人传统性量表为工具,对来自湛江城乡的300位初二、高二、和大二的青少年学生进行测查,结果表明:青少年学生主要以现代性人格为主,人格的现代性存在明显的性别差异及受教育水平间的差异.就性别差异而言,男性较女性更为传统,而女性较男性更为现代;随着年龄和受教育水平的提高,青少年的人格传统性降低而现代性增强.在人格传统性上,性别与家庭所在地存在交互作用,乡村女性的传统性高于城镇女性,而城镇男性的传统性高于乡村男性.     

视觉搜索中多目标追踪的研究

在视觉信息的选择加工过程中 ,只有很少信息能够通过注意系统得到进一步的认知加工 ,其中视觉搜索起着十分重要的作用。本研究基于动态视觉信息注意追踪的研究 ,采用 3× 2× 2的实验设计 ,从如下三方面对注意追踪的规律进行了探讨 :(1)分心物数量 (1,5和 9)的变化对多目标注意追踪的影响 ;(2 )目标的显著性 (特征变化和特征不变 )对多目标注意追踪的影响 ;(3)目标运动形式 (目标随机运动和目标运动形式不变 )对多目标注意追踪的影响。研究结果表明 :(1)分心物数量的增加对目标的注意识别没有抑制作用 ;(2 )特征变化目标的注意识别速度显著高于特征不变的目标 ;(3)运动形式不变的目标较运动形式变化目标的注意识别速度快。     

西方消费者研究概述

消费者研究是近年来西方心理学应用研究中一个非常活跃的领域。在近 40年的发展中 ,消费者研究的范围不断扩大 ,数量不断增多 ,质量也不断提高。本文考察了西方消费者研究的发展趋势 ,对比了主要的消费者研究阵营 ,并通过对消费者研究中三个亚领域———社会认知、BDT和后现代消费者研究之间的差异和共同之处的探讨 ,强调了各领域之间有很大的合作空间。     

Misperceptions of opposite-sex preferences for thinness and muscularity

Thin and muscular have been characterized as ideals for women and men, respectively. Little research has investigated whether men and women have accurate perceptions of opposite-sex preferences of thinness and muscularity. Further, no study has explored whether opposite-sex perceptions of thinness and muscularity preferences differ for short-term and long-term relationships. The present study set out to address these questions. We used interactive 3D human models to represent bodies varying in size (body mass index/BMI weight scaled by height) and body composition. University-aged (18–31) White European heterosexual men and women were asked to choose their own and ideal body shape, the ideal body shape for a short- and a long-term partner, and the body shape they thought the opposite-sex would most like for short- and long-term partners. Women overestimated the thinness that men prefer in a partner and men overestimated the heaviness and muscularity that women prefer in a partner. These misperceptions were more exaggerated for short-term relationships than for long-term relationships. The results illustrate the importance of investigating misperceptions of opposite-sex preferences and raise the possibility that correcting misperceptions might have utility in reducing body dissatisfaction or eating disorders.     

Unpackaging Manager Mistrust in Allowing Telework: Comparing and Integrating Theoretical Perspectives

Purpose

We developed and tested an integrative model centering on the significance of trust as a basis for managers’ decisions about allowing versus prohibiting their employees to telework. We examined the importance of trust in relation to several other factors managers may consider in making telework decisions including coordination and communication, equity, and a desire to accommodate employees.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Study 1 was a policy capturing investigation of 71 respondents intended to document the relative importance and interactions among trust and these other theoretically based factors. Study 2 was a test of the full theoretical model based on the responses of 85 managers who reported on these considerations for the 191 employees about whom they make telework decisions.

Findings

Results from the two studies were largely consistent. Managers’ assessments of employees’ conscientiousness and trustworthiness were paramount in predicting telework allowance, with the other theoretically based considerations generally failing to attenuate the importance of those personal assessments.

Implications

Organizations wishing to increase the use of telework (e.g., by implementing manager telework training) must directly address managers’ mistrust as a factor underlying this resistance. Job-related and technological changes may not dampen the effects of mistrust.

Originality

To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive and theoretically grounded assessment of the various considerations factoring into managers’ telework decisions.