污染效应在消费者行为领域的表现及其心理机制

随着健康问题越来越受到消费者的重视, 学者们对污染效应的研究和兴趣也与日俱增, 特别是在消费者的感知和偏好方面。在消费者行为研究中, 污染效应是指消费者会降低对他人接触过产品的感知价值。本研究主要回顾了在消费行为中污染效应的定义和特性, 然后从接触因素、位置因素、产品因素和社会因素等方面来探讨污染效应的前因, 并进一步归纳了污染效应对消费者行为的消极影响和积极影响。最后, 探讨了污染效应的理论基础和边界条件。在此基础上, 对污染效应在消费者行为领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

内源性注意和外源性注意条件下SOA变化对数字距离效应的影响

采用内源性注意和外源性注意实验范式,材料为小数(1～4)和大数(6～9)的阿拉伯数字,以判断数字是否大于5为任务,考察内源性和外源性线索不同注意条件下SOA对数字距离效应的影响。结果发现:(1)内源性线索条件下,随着SOAs增加,大小数的距离效应逐渐增大,当SOA为900ms时,大小数的距离效应最明显;(2)外源性线索条件下,当SOA为300ms时,大小数的距离效应最显著,随着SOAs增加,大小数的距离效应逐渐减小。     

A new modulated structure in GaN nanoparticles

A new modulated structure with a superlattice having parameters a = 2.209nm, b = 3.826nm, c = 1.037nm and f = g = n = 90 has been found in GaN nanoparticles synthesized by a dc arc plasma method. The nanoparticles transformed further into particles with holes at their centres under electron-beam irradiation during high-resolution electron microscopy observations. At the same time, Ga atoms were extruded on to the surface of the nanoparticles and formed an amorphous layer. A series of simulations of high-resolution images and electron diffraction patterns revealed that the modulation could be attributed to aggregations of N vacancies founded during the electron bombardment. Molecular mechanics calculations show that the aggregation of N vacancies is far more energetically favourable than that of Ga vacancies. The stability of the GaN particles is discussed.     

Roughening kinetics of reactively sputter-deposited Ti-Al-N films on Si(100)

The roughening kinetics of Ti_{1? x} Al _x N (0?x? 1) films 600 nm thick synthesized by reactive dc magnetron sputtering on Si(100) substrates has been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The quantification of surface roughening was achieved by calculation of both vertical root-mean-square roughness and lateral correlation lengths of the film surface using the height-height correction functions of measured AFM images. For all the Ti_{1? x} Al _x N films, a steady roughness exponent α = 0.94 ± 0.03 was determined. The evolution of the surface topography as a function of Al concentration is discussed in terms of the competition between surface diffusion and shadowing instability during sputter deposition.     

Cross-cultural generalizability of the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model (PRISM): Implications for trait and cultural psychology

The cross-cultural generalizability of the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model (PRISM; Wood & Roberts, 2006) was tested in the United States, Mexico, Malaysia, China, and Japan. Participants rated their general and role identities, as defined by the PRISM, using Big Five trait adjectives, then rated their personality states (i.e., role experiences) in various roles in multiple daily interactions for 14 days. Structural predictions based on the PRISM were supported in all five cultures. Cultural differences were limited and did not reflect cultural differences in individualism–collectivism, dialecticism, or cultural tightness. The results supported the cross-cultural generalizability of the PRISM and the merits of contextualized trait measures in the prediction of role experiences. Implications for trait and cultural psychology are discussed.     

Saccades elicit obligatory allocation of visual working memory

In daily life, visual working memory (VWM) typically works in contexts in which people make frequent saccades. Here, we investigated whether people can effectively control the allocation of VWM when making a saccade. Subjects were required to make an intervening saccade in the process of a memory task. The saccade target was either a to-be-remembered item or an extra, not-to-be-remembered item. The results showed that memory performance was poorer when a saccade was made to the extra, not-to-be-remembered item, regardless of its similarity to the memory item(s). In contrast, when memorizing the items while remaining fixated, subjects had similar memory performance whether an extra, not-to-be-remembered item was present or not. Taken together, these results demonstrated that volitional control over VWM allocation is greatly impaired when a saccade is made, indicating that VWM contains an automatic part that cooperates with eye movements and is allocated to a saccade target obligatorily.     

道家哲学时间观初探——科学和哲学两种时间观对道学的启发

本文是在科学和哲学两种时间观启发下,以道家方式对时间所作的一种全新理解和诠释.这种时间观立足于传统道论,通过道家的生命体验模式,指出时间的本质是能量.这种能量是道的主要运动和存在形式,时间的流逝发散造就了万事万物,时间能量的不同存在方式决定了事物的不同形态.在时间的能量性中完成时间形式与内容、生命与宇宙的统一,是道学实现个人和人类生命升华的方式,也是其对当今哲学和生命问题的独特回应.它或许将是道学和科学、哲学的主要交汇点之一.     

赵孟叛的诗画文艺思想管窥

作为元代著名的绘画大家,赵孟頫开启了元代甚至明清绘画的先河.而其诗文的清丽,也使他在文坛上占有重要的一席之地.本文把赵孟頫还原到其所处的具体时代,对其诗文、绘画进行详尽地分析和研究,以力图勾勒出其丰富而独特的文艺思想.