关于心理健康素质及其结构的思考

结合“健康素质”这一术语,探讨了健康、心理健康、素质、心理素质和心理健康素质等几个基本概念及其之间的关系,并就心理健康素质的结构提出了一些初步看法。     

高中生羞怯与学业适应的关系:学业求助的中介作用

本研究采用中学生羞怯量表、学业求助量表及学业适应量表对青岛两所普通中学625名高中生进行调查,分析高中生羞怯、学业求助与学业适应之间的关系,并探讨学业求助是否在高中生羞怯与学业适应之间起中介作用。结果发现:(1)羞怯可以显著预测高中生的学业适应;(2)学业求助态度在羞怯与学业适应间起部分中介作用;(3)羞怯部分通过学业求助态度经学业求助行为的多重中介作用影响学业适应。     

社会阶层与大学生网络利他行为:一个有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对813名大学生进行调查,探讨社会阶层、公正世界信念、网络社会支持与大学生网络利他行为之间的关系及内在作用机制。结果发现：（1）客观社会阶层不能显著预测网络利他行为,主观社会阶层能正向预测网络利他行为;（2）公正世界信念在主观社会阶层与网络利他行为的关系中起部分中介作用;（3）网络社会支持调节了公正世界信念的中介作用。对于高网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念起部分中介作用;而对于低网络社会支持个体,公正世界信念的中介效应不显著,主观社会阶层对网络利他行为只有直接效应。     

自恋人格调节信任博弈的结果评价

自恋人格个体表现出亲社会行为的减少和对他人的反馈敏感。信任是人类社会互动行为的基础,自恋人格特质可能影响他们的信任决策。为了探究自恋水平如何影响信任博弈中结果评价的大脑活动,本研究采用事件相关电位技术记录了38名被试完成单次信任博弈时的脑电波。行为结果发现相对高自恋者的信任选择率显著低于相对低自恋者的信任选择率。脑电结果表明,相对高自恋者信任损失反馈减互惠获利反馈所得的FRN差异波(d FRN)显著地大于相对低自恋者,并且相对高自恋者结果评价诱发的P300波幅显著地大于相对低自恋者。本研究提供了自恋人格个体信任博弈中结果评价的初步神经电生理学证据。     

The effects of the binocular disparity differences between targets and maskers on visual search

A visual search for targets is facilitated when the target objects are on a different depth plane than other masking objects cluttering the scene. The ability of observers to determine whether one of four letters presented stereoscopically at four symmetrically located positions on the fixation plane differed from the other three was assessed when the target letters were masked by other randomly positioned and oriented letters appearing on the same depth plane as the target letters, or in front, or behind it. Three additional control maskers, derived from the letter maskers, were also presented on the same three depth planes: (1) random-phase maskers (same spectral amplitude composition as the letter masker but with the phase spectrum randomized); (2) random-pixel maskers (the locations of the letter maskers’ pixel amplitudes were randomized); (3) letter-fragment maskers (the same letters as in the letter masker but broken up into fragments). Performance improved with target duration when the target-letter plane was in front of the letter-masker plane, but not when the target letters were on the same plane as the masker, or behind it. A comparison of the results for the four different kinds of maskers indicated that maskers consisting of recognizable objects (letters or letter fragments) interfere more with search and comparison judgments than do visual noise maskers having the same spatial frequency profile and contrast. In addition, performance was poorer for letter maskers than for letter-masker fragments, suggesting that the letter maskers interfered more with performance than the letter-fragment maskers because of the lexical activity they elicit.     

Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence reveals the effects of trait anxiety on contingent attentional capture

Few studies have investigated the effects of anxiety on contingent attentional capture. The present study examined contingent attentional capture in trait anxiety by applying a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm during electroencephalographic recording. Overall, the behavioral and electrophysiological results showed a larger capture effect when a distractor was the same color as the target compared to when the distractor was not of the target color. Moreover, high-anxiety individuals showed a larger N2pc in the target colored distractor condition and nontarget colored distractor condition compared to the distractor-absent condition. In addition, the reaction time was slower when distractors were presented in the left visual field compared to when they were in the right visual field. This pattern was not seen in low-anxiety individuals. The findings may indicate that high-anxiety individuals allocate attention to the target less efficiently and have reduced suppression of distractors compared to low-anxiety individuals who could suppress attention to the distractors more efficiently. Future work could valuably investigate the consequences of such differences in terms of benefits and disruption associated with attentional capture differences in a range of anxious populations in different risk monitoring situations.     

大学生对心理健康必备能力认知的年级与性别特点

本研究以200名大学生为被试,以访谈及问卷的方式对大学生心理健康必备能力的认知特点进行了调查研究,在大学生心理健康必备能力认知结构模型的基础上,对大学生心理健康必备能力认知的年龄与性别特点进行了研究。结果表明:大学生对心理健康必备能力的认知得分在自我调控、社会应对、学习和人际交往四个因子上没有显著的年级和性别主效应;在“社会应对”和“学习”两个维度上,性别和年级存在显著的交互作用,进一步分析发现,二年级男生在“社会应对”方面能力的认知得分显著高于女生,在“学习”维度上,一年级女生得分显著高于男生。     

孟子荀子教育思想比较

孟子和苟子分别以“性善论”和“性恶论”为教育思想的道德基础。在教育方法上孟子强调由内而外,“反求诸己”的自我教育;而苟子强调外在的礼义教化,“隆礼”、“尊师”。他们教育的目的都是为了实现儒家的“仁政”。     

儿童青少年大脑认知功能事件相关电位P_（300）的年龄特征

从发展心理学的角度．对幼儿到大学六个年龄组的儿童青少年进行了事件相关电位Ｐ_（３００）测定．结果发现：反映大脑认知功能的事件相关电位Ｐ_（３００）各成分随着年龄增长而发展的趋势十分明显,从而进一步说明了认知发展的特点与大脑高级神经系统活动功能发展特点的密切关系。     

元记忆监测研究综述

元记忆监测是元记忆能力的重要部分,元记忆监测能力是元记忆能力的关键。近年来元记忆监测引起越来越多人的研究兴趣,这种研究兴趣渗透到心理学的不同领域,如记忆心理学、认知神经心理学和社会心理学等。本文探讨了元记忆监测的含义、类型、机制理论和研究方法,也指出了存在的问题并进行了展望。