心理距离、封面故事对框架效应的影响

该研究旨在比较志愿决策和“亚洲疾病”决策两种任务领域下,人们风险偏好的特征情况,以考察远、近不同社会距离对风险偏好的影响.同时,在传统的坏封面故事下,增设好封面故事情景,以期发现封面故事作为决策前的必要背景信息对人们决策的影响.选取高中生为被试,结果发现：（1）在近的社会距离下决策时,风险偏好受到时间距离、封面故事、概率和框架的影响;在远的社会距离下,这些因素的影响作用不大;（2）志愿决策中,风险偏好仅在小概率条件下,受封面故事、框架等因素的影响;在好封面故事下,风险偏好受到框架的影响;在坏的封面故事下,风险偏好受时间距离和框架的交互作用影响.     

Motivational cues: The role of perceived senders' self‐control ability in raters' deception judgements

Previous studies have found that senders' personal traits may be used by others to make judgements about the senders' truthfulness. Two studies were conducted to examine whether perceived self‐control ability has an effect on deception judgement. Perceived self‐control was hypothesized to act as a motivational cue that participants would use to assess the sender's motivation to lie, which in turn would influence their deception judgement. Results revealed that when participants assessed the sender as having higher self‐control ability, they would consider the sender to be less motivated to lie in daily life (Study 1), and judge the sender more truthful in a text‐based deception judgement task (Study 2). However, the effect of perceived self‐control ability disappeared in a video‐based task (Study 2), likely due to the multitude of various cues available in audio‐visual stimuli. The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.     

品牌不安全感的危害机制与化解策略

品牌不安全感是指消费者对某品牌存在潜在或现实威胁的主观感知和担忧。以往文献中, 与品牌不安全感有关的研究主要隐含在两个领域：一是以产品伤害危机为中心的品牌心智变化研究; 二是以企业伦理责任为中心的品牌心智变化研究。但这两个领域都尚未揭示消费者品牌不安全感的实质、心理表征、危害机制和预警功能等。品牌不安全感是消费者回避或拒绝某品牌的心理根源之一。因此基于产品伤害事件频发的事实和品牌心智理论, 有必要对品牌不安全感作系统研究, 具体探索品牌不安全感的本质内涵、导致品牌不安全感的威胁源、品牌不安全感的心理表征、危害机制、预防和化解策略、以及品牌心理安全管理理论等问题。     

视觉表象产生加工的可塑性水平研究

采用标准化的视觉表象产生任务,以经过系统训练以及三个不同年龄阶段被试为研究对象来研究视觉表象产生加工时所表现出的可塑性水平。研究结果表明,视觉表象产生加工水平会因外界系统训练而发生功能增强的练习效应,也表现出随着个体的发展所呈现出的年龄效应,年幼儿童还不能产生空间表征,9岁左右可能是儿童类别表象产生能力发展的一个重要时期,也是个体视觉表象产生加工能力可塑性最高的时期。说明由于受大脑神经细胞活动特性改变的影响,视觉表象产生能力具有相对较高的可塑性和易变性特点。     

自我调节学习量表的修订:发展性研究

现有的自我调节学习研究的工具适用范围受到一定限制。依据心理测量学原理随机抽取了1115名青少年进行自我调节学习量表的施测和修订。结果表明:(1)修订后的量表由三个维度构成:动机,策略,意志;(2)各量表的信度和效度均达心理测量学标准,有较好的适用性;(3)修订后的自我调节学习量表适用的年龄范围较以往研究工具更为广泛。     

宽带宽噪音图片朝向辨识任务上的“反倾斜效应”

本研究探讨宽带宽噪音图片的反倾斜效应及短期训练对其影响。首先,我们测量被试对四个朝向(0°,45°,90°和135°)噪音图片的知觉明显度阈值。然后根据被试的阈值生成图片,让被试完成朝向辨识任务,记录正确率和反应时。结果表明人对倾斜朝向刺激的辨识显著好于主要朝向。并且,被试对所有朝向刺激的辨识经训练后都有显著提高。本研究提示人们对于这种宽带宽噪音图片的辨识能够学习,但是短期的训练不能使反倾斜效应消失。     

Deconstructing antenatal depression: What is it that matters for neonatal behavioral functioning?

This prospective study examined the variability within clinical characteristics of antenatal maternal depression and cortisol levels for associations with newborn infant behavior using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS; T.B. Brazelton, 1984 ). Participants were 81 pregnant women at risk for perinatal depression given their histories of depression prior to pregnancy. We took into consideration not only whether the woman experienced antenatal depression but also whether the depression met diagnostic criteria and variability in timing (onset and occurrence) of antenatal depression and symptom severity. Infants of mothers who became depressed during pregnancy scored less optimally on a subset of the NBAS scales, specifically those scales related to infant neuroregulation. Among the clinical characteristics of depression, the fetus' overall exposure to mothers' depression (reflected in the mean) was most often and most strongly associated with NBAS scales. In terms of timing, third‐trimester exposure was significantly related to newborn behavior. The findings are discussed within the S.H. Goodman and I.H. Gotlib ( 1999 ) model for transmission of psychopathology to offspring of depressed mothers.     

工作记忆内容对无意视盲的改善作用

无意视盲是注意捕获失败的一种现象.研究发现:工作记忆内容对视觉注意的引导可以影响视觉注意的捕获.本研究以此为基础探讨了工作记忆内容能否影响无意视盲.本研究采用了静态无意视盲典型范式,通过两个实验分别探讨了工作记忆对无意视盲的引导作用以及在不同知觉负荷下引导作用的自动性,进而研究工作记忆内容对无意视盲的改善作用.实验1结果表明,当非期望刺激与工作记忆内容属于同一类别时,对非期望刺激的觉察率显著高于当非期望刺激与工作记忆内容不属于同一类别的情况,说明在纯语义的水平上工作记忆内容可以引导视觉注意捕获,进而改善无意视盲.实验2发现,当知觉负荷由低到高变化时,非期望刺激与工作记忆内容同类属时,觉察率无显著变化,说明工作记忆内容对无意视盲引导不受知觉负荷的调节,是一种自动化的过程.     

大道修行的自我快乐

"修行"是一种实践活动。道教所谓"修行"说到底就是"修道",力图通过伦理道德实践和养生技术手段来调理身心,最终达到"与道合真"的理想境界。从这个角度讲,道教修行也可称为"大道修行"。     

Role of face‐to‐face and computer‐mediated communication time in the cohesion and performance of mixed‐mode groups

Although the rapid development of information technology has led to the increasing use of computer‐mediated communication (CMC), few studies have examined the relational aspect of mixed‐mode groups that use both face‐to‐face (FTF) communication and CMC. A field study comprising 42 student groups was conducted to assess the relationships among communication time, cohesion, and performance in mixed‐mode groups. The findings suggest that time spent in FTF communication significantly predicted group social cohesion, but time spent in CMC did not. In contrast, group task cohesion was predicted by time spent in CMC but not by time spent in FTF communication. Time spent in CMC was also a strong predictor of group task performance. These results suggest that FTF communication contributes to the social aspect of mixed‐mode groups and that CMC is beneficial to their task‐related aspect. The findings of mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect among time spent in FTF communication, group social cohesion, and group contextual performance. In other words, time spent in FTF communication had a positive effect on group social cohesion, which in turn positively affected group contextual performance. However, no mediating effect was found among time spent in CMC, group task cohesion, and group task performance. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.