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51.
A tableau is a refutation-based decision procedure for a related logic, and is among the most popular proof procedures for modal logics. In this paper, we present a labelled tableau calculus for a temporalised belief logic called TML+, which is obtained by adding a linear-time temporal logic onto a belief logic by the temporalisation method of Finger and Gabbay. We first establish the soundness and the completeness of the labelled tableau calculus based on the soundness and completeness results of its constituent logics. We then sketch a resolution-type proof procedure that complements the tableau calculus and also propose a model checking algorithm for TML+ based on the recent results for model checking procedures for temporalised logics. TML+ is suitable for formalising trust and agent beliefs and reasoning about their evolution for agent-based systems. Based on the logic TML+, the proposed labelled tableau calculus could be used for analysis, design and verification of agent-based systems operating in dynamic environments. 相似文献
52.
通过对本院2007年~2008年399例放弃治疗后死亡的病历分析,探析放弃治疗的原因,探讨临床对策.病情恶化是放弃治疗的主要原因.放弃治疗涉及医学、哲学、法律等多方面问题.医生应该尽告知义务,尊重患者的生命权、健康权,知情权、选择权和决定权.放弃治疗后,工作的重点应转向安抚和临终关怀,同时规范"放弃治疗"的医学文书. 相似文献
53.
成功的隆胸手术能够让女性更美丽,但手术失败势必给患者的生理和心理带来巨大的打击.如何正确面对失败的隆胸手术是摆在医患面前的一个严肃的课题.本文详细列举了隆胸手术失败的危害,系统分析了造成隆胸手术失败的原因,积极思索了隆胸手术失败时如何有效的补救. 相似文献
54.
时间信息的加工一直是当代阅读心理研究的热点。以往研究对时间信息表征的性质、维度特征、提取机制等问题存在诸多争论, 主要表现为强印象假设与场景理论的冲突。我们认为, 文本阅读中时间信息的加工包括两个阶段:加工时间词以及低水平的更新情景模型阶段和通达与整合先前信息阶段, 强印象假设和场景理论争论的实质在于前者解释的是加工的第一个阶段, 而后者解释的是加工的第二个阶段, 因此, 总是难以调和。本项目首先在更高的理论层面上将二者加以整合, 然后采用经典的认知心理学研究方法与现代的眼动研究技术相结合的方法, 通过对文本阅读中时间信息表征性质、加工的维度特征、提取过程的激活与抑制特征等问题的探讨, 为本项目提出的时间信息加工的二阶段模型提供行为实验与眼动实验证据, 从而解决该领域中强印象假设与场景理论的长期争论。本项目的理论构想与研究技术对文本阅读其他问题的探讨具有重要的方法论意义。 相似文献
55.
Ji LJ 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(5):613-622
Chinese and Canadian children were compared to examine cultural and developmental differences in lay theories of change: implicit beliefs about how the world develops and changes over time. Chinese and Canadian children (ages 7, 9, and 11 years) made predictions about future performance, relationships, happiness, and parental incomes based on a series of scenarios. Overall, the Chinese children predicted greater change than did the Canadian children, indicating that they believed more in change than did the Canadians. Moreover, cultural differences increased significantly with age: In comparison with their Canadian counterparts, Chinese children made no more change predictions at age 7, made slightly more change predictions at age 9, and made significantly more change predictions at age 11. This was true for questions starting with an extremely positive or negative state and those starting with a neutral state. Reasons for cultural and developmental differences were discussed. 相似文献
56.
57.
Jiří Hanika 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(2):121-140
We investigate the interactions of formula complexity in weak set theories with the axioms available there. In particular,
we show that swapping bounded and unbounded quantification preserves formula complexity in presence of the axiom of foundation
weakened to an arbitrary set base, while it does not if the axiom of foundation is further weakened to a proper class base.
More attention is being paid to the necessary axioms employed in the positive results, than to the combinatorial strength
of the positive results themselves. 相似文献
58.
元贤是清初具有强烈民族意识和气节的禅僧,他的<鼓山志>在清初编纂刊印以后,一直没有广为流通.清修<四库全书>仅有存目,未收全书,国家图书馆等处所收藏的此书均为残本.本文依据的<鼓山志>现藏于世界宗教研究所,为品相极佳的足本,最早被清初藏书家汪宪收藏,乾隆修<四库全书>时呈于朝廷,又辗转藏于八千卷楼、江苏省图书馆,后流传至民间.该书具有重要的版本价值,内中题记、钤印等亦极为珍贵.本文还考察了历代编修的鼓山寺志的内容和存佚情况,对元贤的流传和撰述时间进行了考证,并在标点校勘该书的基础上,与黄任的<鼓山志>的内容加以比较,指出元贤所编的<鼓山志>从内容、特色以及版本上都具有极为重要的文献价值. 相似文献
59.
Recent studies demonstrate that context-specific memory retrieval after extinction requires the hippocampus. However, the contribution of hippocampal subfields to the context-dependent expression of extinction is not known. In the present experiments, we examined the roles of areas CA1 and CA3 of the dorsal hippocampus in the context specificity of extinction. After pairing an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) with an aversive footshock (unconditional stimulus or US), rats received extinction sessions in which the CS was presented without the US. In Experiment 1, pretraining neurotoxic lesions in either CA1 or CA3 eliminated the context dependence of extinguished fear. In Experiment 2, lesions of CA1 or CA3 were made after extinction training. In this case, only CA1 lesions impaired the context dependence of extinction. Collectively, these results reveal that both hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3 contribute to the acquisition of context-dependent extinction, but that only area CA1 is required for contextual memory retrieval. 相似文献
60.