性命双修:"仙佛圣凡同具同证"--陆西星、李西月三教思想探析

明清之际,道教内丹学相当兴盛,不仅传统丹道派别活跃,而且还出现了具有不同特点的丹道新派,内丹学成为这一时期道教理论的主流,林林总总的较为通俗化的内丹著述流传于社会.而且,其时的内丹著述融摄道儒释思想特别突出,从一个方面反映了长久以来道教"三教合一"思想的影响.陆西星、李西月的思想颇具代表性,他们分别提出了"仙佛圣凡同具同证","性命双修,此本成仙作佛为圣之大旨",竭力将三教思想相融合.     

Absence Causation and a Liberal Theory of Causal Explanation

For the framework of event causation—i.e. the framework according to which causation is a relation between events—absences or omissions pose a problem. Absences, it is generally agreed, are not events; so, under the framework of event causation, they cannot be causally related. But, as a matter of fact, absences are often taken to be causes or effects. The problem of absence causation is thus how to make sense of causation that apparently involves absences as causes or effects. In an influential paper, Helen Beebee offers a partial solution to the problem by giving an account of causation by absence (i.e. causation in which absences are supposed to be causes). I argue that Beebee's account can be extended to cover causation of absence (i.e. causation in which absences are supposed to be effects) as well. More importantly, I argue that the extended Beebeeian account calls for a major modification to David Lewis's theory of causal explanation, usually taken as standard. Compared to the standard theory, the result of this modification, which I shall call ‘the liberal theory of causal explanation’, has, among other things, the advantage of being able to accommodate causal explanations in which the explananda are not given in terms of events.     

条件推理的集合映射模型再探

把条件推理命题作为一种观点置入一种具体的情境中[1],考察了"自己"与"作者"两种不同立场下,说服、劝阻与中性三种效价下的命题后件以及个体持有的内隐观点对大学生被试推理结果的影响.实验结果表明:(1)对大前提的语义表征取决于个体所持有的内隐观点.(2)就说服与劝阻两种效价而言,人类的思维绝不是简单的对于积极的结果表现出"趋向",对消极的结果表现出"回避".(3)就两种立场而言,在作者的立场下,并没有得到更符合逻辑的推理结果,因此双加工理论还存在着不足.     

Responsibility Attribution For Violence Against Women: A Study Of Chinese Public Service Professionals

This study examined how Chinese public service professionals attributed responsibility to victims and perpetrators of violence against women (VAW). A total of 2,308 Chinese public service professionals in Hong Kong completed questionnaires on attitudes toward women, VAW–related perceptions, and assignment of responsibility to actors in written VAW vignettes. Compared to agency professionals consisting of medical doctors, lawyers, and police officers, communal professionals consisting of psychologists, social workers, and nurses attributed a higher level of responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. For both professional groups, attitudes toward women and educational attainment were the most salient predictors of responsibility attribution to VAW victims and perpetrators. Perceived VAW effects on victims were also a robust predictor of responsibility attribution to perpetrators. With regard to group differences, gender was predictive of responsibility attribution for communal but not for agency professionals. Except for perpetrator responsibility attribution for agency professionals, age was also predictive of how professionals assigned responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators.     

Materialism and the Bright and Dark Sides of the Financial Dream in Spain: The Positive Role of Money Attitudes—The Matthew Effect

Research suggests that materialism leads to the dark side of the financial dream. In this study, we treat love of money as a mediator and test a theoretical model's direct path (Materialism to Financial Satisfaction) and indirect path (Materialism to Love of Money to Financial Satisfaction) simultaneously using the whole sample and across several demographic variables based on 1,011 citizens in Spain. Results for the whole sample showed that the positive indirect effect suppressed the negative direct effect creating an overall small positive effect. Furthermore, we found a significant negative direct path for rural dwellers, the 30–44‐year‐old age group, and married people, but a positive indirect path for rural residents, the 45–59‐year‐old age group, married, males, and urban dwellers. Overall, those in the 30–44 age group, rural residents, and married people experienced the dark side of the financial dream, whereas old (over‐60 age group), unmarried, urban, and young people (18–29 age group) enjoyed the bright side of their financial optimism. People's money attitudes and demographic variables play a positive role in our understanding of materialism and financial satisfaction, i.e. the Matthew Effect. Our novel, counterintuitive, and original theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions foster theory development and testing and improved practice.     

孔子的仁与礼乐

在孔子心目中,仁包括了人视、听、言、动等各个方面的内容。正是因为仁的集合性,每个个体的人具有不同的质,所以孔子在回答不同弟子关于什么是仁的时候,就有了不同的答案。但目的是相同的,就是希望弟子都能养成美好的道德,努力达到仁的境界。孔子是从＂美＂的角度理解仁的,从内心到外表都做到了＂美＂,就达到了＂仁＂的高度。＂仁＂的思想体现在孔子的一言一行中,同样反映在孔子对于乐的理解与理论上。礼和乐是不可分割的,在礼崩乐坏、时代大变革的背景下,孔子利用礼的理性特征和乐的感性特征,达到其社会教化的目的,把＂尽善尽美＂和＂文质彬彬＂的思想贯穿其中,以实现其＂天下归仁＂的理想。     

Abusive Supervision in Advising Relationships: Investigating the Role of Social Support

The present study examines the consequences of abusive supervision in an educational setting. The study contrasts the cross-domain stress-buffering hypothesis with the within-domain stress exacerbation hypothesis in examining the moderating role of advisor and team member support on the relationship between abusive supervision and student outcomes in student–advisor relationships. Using a temporal research design, results provided support for both hypotheses. In support of the stress exacerbation hypothesis, in the presence of high advisor support, there was a significant positive relationship between abusive supervision and anxiety, and a significant negative association between abusive supervision and psychological well-being. Consistent with the stress-buffering hypothesis, in the presence of high team member support, there was a negligible association between abusive supervision and satisfaction and anxiety.     

广州监狱警察士气状况

目的：为解广州市监狱警察工作士气状况对心理健康状况提供建议。方法：采用监狱警察工作问卷对广州137名狱警进行问卷调查。结果表明：在工作投入、团队精神、需求满足,职业兴趣四个维度上高于中等强度水平在专业精神,组织认同两个维度上处于中等水平。结论：广州市监狱警察总体士气在中等偏上水平。     

普通高校体育教师职业认同与工作满意度的关系研究

研究探讨了普通高校体育教师的核心自我评价、组织承诺、职业认同和工作满意度的关系.研究发现:职业认同和组织承诺是两种不同的心理结构;普通高校体育教师的核心自我评价和组织承诺影响着职业认同,核心自我评价、组织承诺和职业认同影响着工作满意度.     

道教戒律与儒家礼制

道教戒律与儒家礼制同为中国传统社会中的社会控制形式。二者有着相互融摄和相互弥补之处,本文从目的论上的异趣、思想上的融摄、内容上的弥补、实施中的差异四个方面对其进行探讨。