Repetition Priming Effects in Proficient Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin Bidialectals: An Event-Related Potential Study

The present study adopted a repetition priming paradigm to investigate the bidialectal (bilingual) representation of speakers with different native dialects by event-related potential (ERP) technique. Proficient Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin bidialectals participated in the study. They were required to judge whether a word was a biological word or not, when the words (target word) were represented under four types of repetition priming conditions: Mandarin (prime)–Mandarin (target), Mandarin (prime)–Cantonese (target), Cantonese (prime)–Cantonese (target) and Cantonese (prime)–Mandarin (target). Results of reaction time and accuracy primarily indicated larger repetition priming effects in Mandarin–Mandarin and Cantonese–Cantonese (within-language) conditions than that in Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin (between-language) conditions. But more importantly, P200 and N400 mean amplitudes revealed distinct repetition priming effects between two types of participants. Specifically, both P200 and N400 indicated that the repetition priming effect in Mandarin–Mandarin condition was larger than that in Cantonese–Cantonese condition for Mandarin–Cantonese participants, whereas it was opposite for Cantonese–Mandarin participants. In addition, P200 also suggested opposite patterns of repetition priming effects in between-language priming conditions for two groups of participants. The repetition priming effect in Mandarin–Cantonese condition was larger than that in Cantonese–Mandarin condition for Mandarin–Cantonese participants, while for Cantonese–Mandarin participants, it was opposite (Mandarin–Cantonese < Cantonese–Mandarin). The results implied a clear asymmetric representation of two dialects for proficient bidialectals. They were further discussed in light of native dialect and language use frequency.     

The Enhancing Effect of Overconfidence on Subsequent Learning Performance: Potential Mediation Effects of Dissatisfaction and Effort

Three studies were conducted to investigate whether individuals whose performance on a learning task fell short of their previous overconfident self‐assessment would apply more effort on a subsequent task to resolve their dissatisfaction and thereby achieve better subsequent performance than individuals who made accurate or underconfident self‐assessments. Specifically, Study 1 and Study 2 used overestimation, and Study 3 used overplacement to predict subsequent performance by measuring students' self‐assessments before the first task, their level of dissatisfaction with their actual performance on that task, the effort they applied in learning, and their performance on the subsequent task. Furthermore, Study 3 divided the participants randomly into a false feedback group (the control group) and a real feedback group (the experimental group). The results showed that when controlling for prior performance, participants who were more overconfident tended to express greater dissatisfaction and increase more effort to achieve their desired outcomes when they perceived a gap between their desired performance and their actual performance. Notably, they achieved better subsequent performance, whereas those in the control group who were overconfident neither applied more effort in subsequent learning nor increased their subsequent performance when they received “unbiased feedback.” The implications of these findings for education are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

他人作弊与自己作弊:社会损失的中介作用和自尊的调节作用

研究将考试作弊看成是一种风险决策的结果,探讨他人作弊对自己作弊行为的影响及其机制。研究采用情景实验和问卷调查考察他人作弊、社会损失、自尊、self-esteem与自己作弊之间的关系,发现:(1)社会损失在他人作弊和自己作弊之间起中介作用;(2)自尊负向调节社会损失与自己作弊的关系;(3)self-esteem对社会损失与自己作弊的关系无显著调节作用。     

Be loyal but not addicted: Effect of online game social migration on game loyalty and addiction

To increase game loyalty but decrease game addiction, this study examines online game social migration and tests the mediating effects of offline social value and maladaptive cognition on the basis of the theory of consumption value and the cognitive behavioral model of pathological Internet use. The results are as follows: (i) Overall, online game social migration is associated with greater game loyalty and less game addiction; (ii) The positive association between online game social migration and game loyalty was mediated by offline social value; and (iii) Online game social migration is associated with lower game addiction. This paper provides a new perspective (taking into account both business interests and players' psychological health) for online game research and also offers practical guidance for cooperation between game companies and the public. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Examining the Differential Item Functioning of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale Across Eight Countries1

We examined the differential item functioning (DIF) of Rosenberg's (1965 ) Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) and compared scores from U.S. participants with those from 7 other countries: Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Kenya, South Africa, Singapore, and Taiwan. Results indicate that DIF was present in all comparisons. Moreover, controlling for latent self‐esteem, participants from individualistic countries had an easier time reporting high self‐esteem on self‐competence‐related items, whereas participants from communal countries had an easier time reporting high self‐esteem on self‐liking items ( Tafarodi & Milne, 2002 ). After adjusting for DIF, we found larger mean self‐esteem differences between the countries than observed scores initially indicated. The suitability of the RSES, and the importance of examining DIF, for cross‐cultural research are discussed.     

获得性阅读障碍的“主要系统”假说

认知神经心理学为阅读机制的探讨提供了大量的证据,认为不同阅读障碍是不同加工通道选择性受损的结果。近年来,基于联结主义的三角模型理论,研究者提出了主要系统假说（primary system hypothesis）,认为阅读障碍是主要的认知系统（如视觉、语义和语音系统）受损导致的：表层障碍是因为语义系统受损导致的阅读困难,语音和深层障碍是语音和语义系统同时受损时综合症状的连续体。该理论认为各主要系统可能同时是多个认知活动的加工成分,一个系统的受损会影响所有与之相关的认知过程,从而把阅读障碍与其它认知功能障碍联系起来。统一的主要系统受损下对各种获得性阅读障碍形成机制在文中得到详细的解释     

汉语音-形通达过程的同音字家族数效应和语义透明度效应

采用即时的跨通道匹配任务,研究语音通达字形过程中汉语同音字多少的影响以及语义在其中的作用.在三个lSI点均发现同音字家族数效应和语义透明度效应,同音字家族数效应在各个时间点稳定,而语义透明度效应随时间点的推后变小;还发现同音字家族数、语义透明度和ISl的交互作用.     

被拆迁者拆迁过程的心理定性分析

研究采用定性分析的方法,旨在探索我国被拆迁者在拆迁过程中的心理特征。通过对杭州下沙经济开发区的110名被拆迁者进行访谈、资料分析,从而对他们在拆迁过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果主要从心理状态、拆迁意识、拆迁计划、自我调节、社会支持和满意度6个方面来探讨拆迁者的心理过程。     

对安徽阜阳地区艾滋儿童社会心理支持问题的思考

艾滋病的快速传播不但直接威胁到人类的健康,而且对艾滋病家庭中儿童的心理产生了较大的伤害。开展对艾滋孤儿的社会心理支持,不仅需要心理咨询的介入,而且是一项社会救助的综合工程。针对安徽阜阳地区艾滋病流行的特点,以及艾滋病对儿童身心的影响,提出了为艾滋儿童提供社会心理支持的内容与措施。