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121.
Atzinger CL Blough-Pfau R Kretschmer L Huether CA Johnson JA Warren NS 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(2):223-239
Potential advantages and disadvantages of doctoral training in genetic counseling have been debated. In this study, individual
interviews were conducted to characterize the practice and attitudes of genetic counselors who have achieved doctoral degrees
in any field. Participants (N=31) were more likely to spend time in research and less likely to spend time in clinic than genetic counselors in general.
Advantages identified by participants were consistent with theorized advantages, and included increased knowledge, wider research
roles, additional opportunities and greater respect. Disadvantages identified by participants focused more on individual perspectives
than previously theorized profession-wide disadvantages. These included increased time commitment and decreased patient contact.
The attitudes of participants towards the development of doctoral training in genetic counseling were generally positive.
The results suggest that doctoral training in genetic counseling would have more benefits than drawbacks for individuals pursuing
this degree. 相似文献
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123.
Thea A. Owens Meredith E. Tabangin Carl A. Huether Bethany Vice Bowling Nancy Steinberg Warren 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):275-286
Studies show teachers play an influential role in the career decision-making process of students and early knowledge of genetic
counseling (GC) increases the likelihood students will consider this career option. This quantitative study is the first to
explore the presentation of GC and other health care career options by high school (HS) biology/life science (B/LS) teachers
in their classrooms. Our findings indicate most B/LS teachers present GC as a career option to HS students, agree it complements
classroom activities, and perceive students as interested in learning about the profession. However, teachers note many barriers
to spending class time presenting GC careers. Consequently, a substantial number of teachers spent a minimal amount of time
presenting health care careers in general. We discuss ways genetic counselors can enhance career resources, reduce barriers,
and foster student interest in pursuing a career in GC by developing partnerships with HS B/LS teachers. 相似文献
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127.
Sharp C Steinberg L Yaroslavsky I Hofmeyr A Dellis A Ross D Kincaid H 《Assessment》2012,19(2):167-175
Increases in the availability of gambling heighten the need for a short screening measure of problem gambling. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) is a brief measure that allows for the assessment of characteristics of gambling behavior and severity and its consequences. The authors evaluate the psychometric properties of the PGSI using item response theory methods in a representative sample of the urban adult population in South Africa (N = 3,000). The PGSI items were evaluated for differential item functioning (DIF) due to language translation. DIF was not detected. The PGSI was found to be unidimensional, and use of the nominal categories model provided additional information at higher values of the underlying construct relative to a simpler binary model. This study contributes to the growing literature supporting the PGSI as the screen of choice for assessing gambling problems in the general population. 相似文献
128.
The effect on anxiety of petting an animal and the underlying mechanisms of such an effect were examined by a repeated-measures, within-session experiment with 58 non-clinical participants. Participants were exposed to a stressful situation in the laboratory – the presence of a Tarantula spider, which they were told they might be asked to hold – and then randomly assigned to one of five groups: petting a rabbit, a turtle, a toy rabbit, a toy turtle or to a control group. Participants’ attitudes towards animals were measured as potential moderators. State-anxiety was assessed at baseline, after the stress manipulation, and after the experimental manipulation. The main findings showed that petting an animal reduced state-anxiety. This effect could not be attributed to the petting per se, since it was observed only with animals and not with matched toys. The anxiety-reducing effect of petting an animal applied to both the soft cuddly animals and the hard-shelled ones. The anxiety-reducing effect applied to people with different attitudes towards animals and was not restricted to animal lovers. The discussion addresses possible emotional and cognitive foundations of the observed effects and their implications. 相似文献
129.
There is a belief that victims of extreme violence should be sensitive to the suffering of others although most of the psychosocial literature points to the opposite. We examine this belief by looking at work that we have carried out on the psychosocial effects of the Holocaust and on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. We assert that being a victim of collective violence often inhibits empathy toward others and creates continued animosity. We focus on intergenerational aspects connected to victimization and their negative impact on the expression of empathy among descendants of victims in order to explain why the sense of victimhood and justification of repeated violence is often expressed by individuals born years after the original violence took place. 相似文献
130.
Philosophers of mathematics commonly distinguish between explanatory and non-explanatory proofs. An important subclass of mathematical proofs are proofs by induction. Are they explanatory? This paper addresses the question, based on general principles about explanation. First, a recent argument for a negative answer is discussed and rebutted. Second, a case is made for a qualified positive take on the issue. 相似文献