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11.
In this study, we examined the effects of cognitive task performance on the induction of vection. We hypothesized that, if vection requires attentional resources, performing cognitive tasks requiring attention should inhibit or weaken it. Experiment 1 tested the effects on vection of simultaneously performing a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. The results revealed that the RSVP task affected the subjective strength of vection. Experiment 2 tested the effects of a multiple-object-tracking (MOT) task on vection. Simultaneous performance of the MOT task decreased the duration and subjective strength of vection. Taken together, these findings suggest that vection induction requires attentional resources. 相似文献
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We investigated the effects of colors on vection induction. Expanding optical flows during one’s forward self-motion were simulated by moving dots. The dots and the background were painted in equiluminant red and green. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that vection was weaker when the background was red than when the background was green. In addition, Experiment 3 showed that vection was weaker when the moving dots were red than when the dots were green. Experiment 4 demonstrated that red dots on a red background induced very weak vection, as compared with green dots on a green background. In Experiments 5 and 6, we showed that the present results could not be explained by a luminance artifact. Furthermore, Experiment 7 showed that a moving red grating induced weaker vection than did a green one. We concluded that a red visual stimulus inhibits vection. 相似文献
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Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
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In this paper, we will examine and untangle a conflict mainly between a developmental psychologist, Martin Hoffman and a social
psychologist, Daniel Batson. According to Hoffman, empathic distress, a vicarious feeling through empathy, is transformed
into an altruistic motivation. Batson and others on the other hand, criticize Hoffman, claiming that empathic altruism has
no relation with empathic distress. We will point out some problems with Batson’s position by referring to the results of
fMRI experiments that suggest empathic distress and empathic altruism share a common basis, and defend Hoffman’s argument.
This will also offer new insights into the evolution of empathy.
Hisashi Nakao obtained his BA and MA from Kyoto University. He is currently a graduate student at the Department of Philosophy and History of Science, the Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University. His main research interests are in philosophy of biology and psychology, especially philosophical issues in the evolution of human behaviors or psychology. Shoji Itakura obtained his BS from Yokohama National University, and MS and Ph.D. from Kyoto University, Primate Research Institute. He is currently an Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, the Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University. His main research interests are in social cognition in infants and Developmental Cybernetics which he advocates as new research domain. 相似文献
Hisashi NakaoEmail: |
Hisashi Nakao obtained his BA and MA from Kyoto University. He is currently a graduate student at the Department of Philosophy and History of Science, the Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University. His main research interests are in philosophy of biology and psychology, especially philosophical issues in the evolution of human behaviors or psychology. Shoji Itakura obtained his BS from Yokohama National University, and MS and Ph.D. from Kyoto University, Primate Research Institute. He is currently an Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, the Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University. His main research interests are in social cognition in infants and Developmental Cybernetics which he advocates as new research domain. 相似文献
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Duffy S Toriyama R Itakura S Kitayama S 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,102(3):351-359
Recent studies suggest that North American adults exhibit a focused strategy of attention that emphasizes focal information about objects, whereas Japanese adults exhibit a divided strategy of attention that emphasizes contextual information about objects. The current study investigated whether 4- and 5-, 6- to 8-, and 9- to 13-year-old North American and Japanese children exhibit these divergent attention strategies. Two experiments suggest that those older than 6 years of age exhibit measurable cultural differences in attention, whereas 4- to 6-year-olds do not. We suggest that sociocognitive development and socialization experiences that occur around 5 to 7 years of age may foster the development of cultural strategies of attention. 相似文献
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Shoji Itakura 《Animal cognition》2001,4(3-4):281-284
The goal of this study was to examine the effect of joint visual attention on infants' behavior during subsequent events.
Thirty-seven mother-infant (aged from 9 to 13 months) pairs were twice shown a pair of line drawing stimuli on a computer
screen. For the control group, the mother never paid attention to the stimuli. For experimental group 1, the mother pointed
to one stimulus in the first presentation but did not point to it in the second presentation. The infants gazed longer at
the stimulus pointed to by their mothers in the first presentation. In the second presentation, during which mothers did not
attend to the stimuli, infants gazed longer at the stimulus which had been pointed to by the mothers in the first presentation.
In experimental group 2, one of two stimuli blinked during the first presentation but not the second presentation. Infants
gazed for longer at the blinking stimulus in the first presentation, but there was no difference in looking time toward the
two stimuli in the second presentation. These results suggest that joint visual attention affects infants' looking behavior
during subsequent events, and that simple stimulus change does not.
Accepted after revision: 2 May 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
Hand preferences of two Japanese macaques were observed in five differing tasks: simple reaching for food on a platform; choosing of boxes with pieces of apple; mirror-guided reaching (taking food from the box, key pressing, key tracking). Though these were visually guided tasks, the macaques showed different hand preferences.
相似文献19.
The Psychological Record - In this research, a female chimpanzee could learn the use of personal pronouns in a conditional matching-to-sample task. In a preliminary experiment, the subject was... 相似文献
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