COVID-19 non-death loss and acceptance coping: A 3-wave cross-lagged panel analysis

Numerous individuals have lost loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic while millions of others have also experienced ongoing pervasive non-death loss. The understanding of how people deal with non-death loss is still relatively limited. Incorporating theory of coping and loss, this study examines the reciprocal relationship between non-death loss and acceptance coping. Based on the results of a cross-lagged panel model involving 314 participants in China, we found that before the end of the zero-Covid policy, non-death loss at Time 1 predicted less acceptance coping at Time 2, but in the opening up stage in late 2022, non-death loss at time 2 did not predict acceptance coping at time 3. The findings have significant implications for understanding the interplay between non-death loss and acceptance coping and highlights abrupt psychological changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Cue set size effects: Sampling activated associates or cross-target interference?

Previous findings indicate that test cues linked to more associates (more knowledge) produce lower levels of recall than cues with fewer associates. One hypothesis attributes this effect to cross-target interference arising during retrieval on the assumption that cues with more associates are more likely to be indirectly connected to studied words other than the target. Another attributes the effect to sampling associates of the cue on the assumption that the probability of sampling the target declines as more associates are activated. Findings from four experiments showed that recall varied with cue set size, and, more importantly, that cue set size affected recall independently of the interference produced by cross-target connections. These results were interpreted as supporting a model that attributes cue set size effects to sampling processes associated with the intersection of the test cue and its associates with the target and its associates.     

从中西医学的竞争和渗透谈现代中医临床思维的变革

现代中医的临床思维正在发生着变革,一个以辨病为纲,辨证为目,辨病论治为经,辨证论治为纬的临床思维新模式,已经呼之欲出。这正是２１世纪中医学发展的必由之路,学术界必从唯物辩证法的角度来审视这场变革,并因其势而利导之。     

小学儿童对说谎及说真话的评价

该研究分析比较了７、９、１１岁儿童对故事中好／坏行为的评价,及对此两种行为说谎／说真话的评价。研究目的是想通过小学儿童对好行为与坏行为说谎或说真话的道德评价来检验说谎发展中的一些普遍性问题。结果表明：被试都有相当的能力区别行为与言语反应间的差异。对好／坏行为都予积极／消极的评价;而对相应的言语反应的评价则因条件而不同。     

3—6岁幼儿控制自己行为能力的发展特点和影响发展的因素

本文对3—6岁幼儿在不同活动中和不同语言指示下控制自己行为的能力进行了研究。实验的结果表明:幼儿在有兴趣的活动中,容易控制自己的行为。成人给予明确具体的语言指示,或对其活动加以组织,对三岁幼儿控制自己行为的能力不起什么作用,对四岁以上幼儿才逐渐起作用,这种作用随着年龄增长而增大。成人单纯以语言来加强动机作用对各年龄组幼儿均无作用;但动机与一定的角色情境相结合,则有显著效果。由此可见,幼儿有意控制自己行为的能力是逐步发展的。因此,为提高幼儿控制自己行为的能力,对不同年龄的幼儿应采取不同的措施。     

Temporal order and tactile patterns

Temporal order judgments (TOJs) were obtained for tactile stimuli presented to subjects' fingerpads. In one set of measurements, pairs of spatial patterns were presented successively to a single fingerpad (same-site condition), to two fingers on the same hand (ipsilateral condition), or to two fingers on opposite hands (bilateral condition). The subjects were instructed to report which one of the two patterns was presented first. TOJs were more accurate in the same-site condition than in either the ipsilateral or the bilateral conditions. In the ipsilateral and bilateral conditions, performance improved when judging which one of two locations received a stimulus first, although performance levels were still lower than in the same-site condition. Increasing the size of the pattern set from which the two patterns to be judged were drawn had only a slight effect on same-site performance and no effect on ipsilateral/bilateral performance; however, changing the nature of the patterns had a considerable effect on same-site performance and a smaller effect on ipsilateral/bilateral performance. Introducing an intensity imbalance between members of the pair of stimuli also had a large effect on same-site TOJs: a less intense stimulus tended to be judged as being presented first. In the bilateral condition, however, there was a small effect in the reverse direction: more intense stimuli tended to be judged as being presented first. The intensity imbalance had no effect in the ipsilateral condition. The results suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for TOJs for patterns presented to the same-site and to separate sites and, furthermore, that separate sites may constitute separate channels for spatial information.     

果蝇的学习和记忆

国外一些科学家设想,神经系统获得和储存信息的能力很可能编录于基因。如能引起单个基因突变,导致学习和记忆能力的变化,那么,从遗传、生化和行为上来研究这种变化,确定相关的基因及基因产物,从而有可能阐明学习记忆的分子机制。这些研究开辟了学习记忆神经生物学基础研究的一个全新的探索领域。果蝇正好是进行这项研究的合适材料。本文分三部分叙述这一研究概况,一,学习记忆有缺陷的果蝇突变型的一般描述;二,突变型的分子损伤;三,问题讨论(包括,1,学习记忆有缺陷的突变型的定义;2,对学习记忆影响的普通性;3,机制的考虑。)     

藏族、维吾尔族在表音、表意文字辨认上大脑两半球的功能特点

用半视野速示术对藏族、维吾尔族人(各60名),进行辨认表音、表意文字的研究。结果表明,无论是藏族还是维吾尔族被试,对汉字(表意文字)的辨认都是两半球均势的,而对藏/维文(表音文字)的辨认却出现两种不同的结果:对熟练掌握和使用汉语多年(五年以上)的藏族被试出现两半球均势,而学习汉语一年左右的藏族及维吾尔族被试以及学习汉语四年的维吾尔族被试却为左半球优势。这表明对表意文字汉字的辨认是两半球均势的,对表音文字藏/维文的辨认似乎受被试使用汉语的影响,会由左半球优势转变为两半球均势。     

组织行为学在中国之发展与领导行为研究

一、发展的历程 组织行为学做为一门独立学科被介绍到中国是70年代末80年代初的事,但中国心理学家早已注意到这方面的问题,而且在自己的研究工作中涉及到有关的课题,当时多采用工业心理学、劳动心理学或工程心理学的名称。 早在中华人民共和国成立之前,一些心理学家就考虑到在工业生产中有关人的因素     

关于几种照明的视觉疲劳的实验研究

本实验研究以眼的调节辐合时间,亮度辨别力和视觉疲劳的主观估计作指标,比较了八种不同照明条件下勾销工作所造成的视觉疲劳,得到了较一致的结果。实验者就视觉疲劳的测量问题进行了初步探讨。