Moving from Rural to Urban China: How Urbanization Affects Women’s Housework

Sex Roles - The present study explores within-gender differences in domestic labor by studying housework variations across five different groups of women in contemporary China. We defined five...     

Behavioral and developmental consequences of early rearing experience for captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Mother-reared (MR) and peer-reared (PR) captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) cubs were compared to evaluate the effects of early removal from mother on behavioral development. Males and females and twins and singletons were compared to assess the effects of social setting on behavioral development. Subjects included 2 PR females, 3 MR females, 3 MR males, and 3 mothers. MR cubs spent more time manipulating bamboo and fell more often than PR cubs. PR cubs spent more time inactive. Male cubs directed more playful behavior at their mothers. Twins spent more time play fighting with their mothers than with their siblings. The results suggest that peer-rearing does not provide young pandas with the same level of social stimulation as mother-rearing.     

移动支付对大学生冲动性消费行为的影响——来自ERP的实验证据

为寻找移动支付影响冲动性消费的电生理证据,实验采用两难选择的虚拟购物任务,通过2(支付方式)×2(产品类型)被试内实验设计,结合ERP技术比较移动支付和现金支付下的冲动消费及相关电生理指标。实验数据显示:(1)移动支付下参与者的购买意愿高于现金条件;(2)对享乐品的购买,移动支付下的购买意愿、购买率高于现金支付,而对实用品两种支付下无差异;(3)决策阶段头皮左侧发现,移动支付下享乐品的LPP波幅正于实用品,而现金支付下二者LPP波幅无差异;(4)N2波幅上存在Buy/No Buy效应。结果表明:移动支付促进了享乐品的冲动性消费,决策阶段左侧脑区的LPP波幅可作为其电生理指标,N2波幅表征买与不买。     

Effectiveness of an Internet Dissonance-Based Eating Disorder Prevention Intervention Among Body-Dissatisfied Young Chinese Women

Body image disturbances are widespread in highly populated, rapidly developing Asian nations such as China, but there are severe shortages of practitioners qualified to treat these issues. In such contexts, validated online interventions offer a potentially viable approach for addressing the lack of treatment resources. In this study, we evaluated effects of the eBody Project, an online, dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program, on functioning among body-dissatisfied young Chinese women. Participating women were randomly assigned to the 6-week eBody Project intervention (n = 191) versus an education brochure control condition (n = 181). Self-report assessments of eating disorder risk factors (body dissatisfaction, thin ideal internalization, depressive symptoms, restrained eating), self-esteem, body appreciation, and disordered eating were completed at baseline, posttreatment, and a 6-month follow-up. There were no intervention differences on outcomes before treatment but eBody Project women experienced significantly larger improvements on all outcomes following treatment and/or at follow-up compared to controls; corresponding effect sizes were small to medium. Results indicated the eBody Project program is a promising intervention for young women at risk for eating disorders in China and provide foundations for broad implementation in low- and middle-income countries where resources for in-person therapy and supervision are limited or unavailable altogether.     

Modeling Within-Item Dependencies in Parallel Data on Test Responses and Brain Activation

Psychometrika - In this paper, we propose a joint modeling approach to analyze dependency in parallel response data. We define two types of dependency: higher-level dependency and within-item...     

认知固执导致持续应激的认知与神经机制

认知固执(Perseverative Cognition, PC)是一种重复或长期的消极认知表征,既能够使用量表测量,也可以通过实验诱发。认知固执会导致持续应激反应,进而影响个体的身心健康。其导致持续应激反应的认知机制体现在个体难以识别安全信号,高认知固执个体会表现出低心率变异性的显著特征;在脑机制方面主要表现为前额叶的抑制控制功能失调、杏仁核与前扣带回的病理性改变以及前额叶-杏仁核的连接减弱。未来研究应深入探讨认知固执的影响因素以及干预措施,同时需要进一步分析内隐认知固执的测量方式及其对个体的影响。     

The Effects of Zhongyong Thinking Priming on Creative Problem‐Solving

Zhongyong thinking is a common approach adopted by Chinese people to solve problems encountered in life and work. Based on the four modes of zhongyong thinking proposed by Pang (Social Sciences in China, 1, 1980, 75), this study chooses the “neither A nor B” form, which represents the “mean” (中) characteristics of zhongyong thinking, called eclectic thinking, and the “both A and B” form, which reflects the “harmony” (和) feature, called integrated thinking. This study primed eclectic thinking and integrated thinking, respectively, through self‐compiled problem situations, and 150 college students and postgraduates students were the participants. Experiment 1 explored the role of the priming of zhongyong thinking in three classic creative thinking tasks: a divergent thinking test, remote association test, and insight problem‐solving test. Experiment 2 further examined the effect of priming of zhongyong thinking on “market investment problems” with higher ecological validity. The findings show that priming integrated thinking can improve remote associates test performance and promote creative solutions to market investment problems, but there is no significant impact on the scores of divergent thinking test and insight problem‐solving; priming eclectic thinking has no significant impact on any of the subsequent creative tasks. This study shows that integrated thinking primes cognitive processing related to information association and information integration, promoting subsequent creative tasks.     

CAREGIVER'S DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND YOUNG CHILDREN'S SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT DELAYS: A CROSS‐SECTIONAL STUDY IN POOR RURAL AREAS OF CHINA

Poverty and its associated factors put people at risk for depression. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) of primary caregivers and socioemotional development (SED) delays of young children in poor rural areas of China, and to explore the association between them. Cross‐sectional data of 2,664 children aged 3 to 35 months and their primary caregivers were used for analysis. Characteristics of the child, caregiver, and family were collected through face‐to‐face caregiver interviews. DS were assessed by the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (W.W. Zung, 1965, as cited in World Health Organization, 2016b ), and SED was evaluated by the Ages and Stage Questionnaires: Social‐Emotional (J. Squires, D. Bricker, & L. Potter, 1997). The χ² test, stratification analysis, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association. Among the caregivers, 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] [38.4, 42.1]), reported DS. Caregivers who were male, older and ethnic minorities as well as had a low level of education, a low family income, or more children were more likely to have DS. Of the children, 24.4% (95% CI [22.8, 26.0]) were recognized with SED delays. Older children displayed more delays than did younger children, but no significant differences between males and females were found. SED delays were significantly associated with mother outmigrating, male caregivers, older age, ethnic minorities, and low education or families with a single parent, low‐income, and having more children. Caregivers having DS, odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% CI [1.99, 2.88], was a significant predictor of increased odds of SED delays; other factors were single‐parent family, OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.37, 2.89], inadequate care, OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.30, 2.21], physical punishment, OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.33, 1.95], ethnic minorities, OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.17, 1.71], and child age in months, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04], according to the logistic regression analysis. DS are prevalent among caregivers with young children in poor rural areas. Interventions to improve the mental health of caregivers and their parenting behaviors are needed to improve children's SED.     

Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence on the Associations between Core Self-Evaluations and Job Satisfaction,Work Engagement as Indices of Work-Related Well-Being

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in relation to core self-evaluations (CSE) and work-related well-being. A sample of 356 employees who are all females completed measures of CSE, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and work engagement. Results revealed that higher levels of CSE were correlated with higher levels of emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and work engagement. Higher levels of emotional intelligence were associated with greater job satisfaction and work engagement. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between CSE and work-related well-being. The results revealed the importance of emotional intelligence in order to improve occupational well-being of employees. This research makes a contribution to the potential mechanism of the relationship between CSE and work-related well-being.     

Development of a cognitive function test using virtual reality technology: examination in healthy participants

We developed a virtual reality test to assess the cognitive function of Japanese people in near-daily-life environment, namely, a virtual shopping test (VST). In this test, participants were asked to execute shopping tasks using touch panel operations in a “virtual shopping mall.” We examined differences in VST performances among healthy participants of different ages and correlations between VST and screening tests, such as the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Everyday Memory Checklist (EMC). We included 285 healthy participants between 20 and 86 years of age in seven age groups. Therefore, each VST index tended to decrease with advancing age; differences among age groups were significant. Most VST indices had a significantly negative correlation with MMSE and significantly positive correlation with EMC. VST may be useful for assessing general cognitive decline; effects of age must be considered for proper interpretation of the VST scores.