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221.
In this study, the authors examined associations between preference- and reputation-based peer status and weight-related behaviors and cognitions for both adolescent boys and girls. Sociometric measures of peer like-ability and peer-perceived popularity, as well as self-reported measures of body size, dieting behavior, and weight-related cognitions were collected from a sample of 441 adolescents in Grades 11 and 12. Results revealed weight-related cognitions for girls (concerning obesity) and boys (concerning musculature/fitness). Peer-perceived popularity, but not like-ability, was significantly associated with both boys' and girls' body size and dieting. Lower levels of popularity were associated with heavier body shapes for girls and with both thin and heavier body shapes for boys. Findings suggest that peer status is an important source of social reinforcement associated with weight-related behaviors and cognitions. 相似文献
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Peter A. Wyman Wendi Cross C. Hendricks Brown Qin Yu Xin Tu Shirley Eberly 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):707-720
A model for teaching children skills to strengthen emotional self-regulation is introduced, informed by the developmental
concept of scaffolding. Adult modeling/instruction, role-play and in vivo coaching are tailored to children’s level of understanding
and skill to promote use of skills in reallife contexts. Two-hundred twenty-six kindergarten—3rd grade children identified
with elevated behavioral and social classroom problems from a population-based screening participated in a waitlisted randomized
trial of the Rochester Resilience Project derived from this model. In 14 lessons with school-based mentors, children were
taught a hierarchical set of skills: monitoring of emotions; selfcontrol/ reducing escalation of emotions; and maintaining
control and regaining equilibrium. Mentors provided classroom reinforcement of skill use. Multi-level modeling accounting
for the nesting of children in schools and classrooms showed the following effects at post-intervention: reduced problems
rated by teachers in behavior control, peer social skills, shy-withdrawn and off-task behaviors (ES 0.31–0.47). Peer social
skills improved for girls but not for boys. Children receiving the intervention had a 46% mean decrease in disciplinary referrals
and a 43% decrease in suspensions during the 4-month intervention period. Limitations and future directions to promote skill
transfer are discussed. 相似文献
225.
Shirley Matile Ogletree Mary C. Coffee Shyla A. May 《Psychology of women quarterly》1992,16(2):201-208
A factor mediating attitudes toward female/male political candidates may be the potential effect of a candidate's private life. The impact of a familial situation on attitudes towards a hypothetical presidential candidate was investigated in Study 1. Although main effects for candidate sex and familial situation were found, our data did not support differential effects by candidate sex. In Study 2 the potential impact of a candidate's personal problem was examined. A male with past psychological problems was perceived as more electable than three of four female candidates. In both studies, male candidates were perceived as more likely to win the election than were female candidates. 相似文献
226.
Increasing Psychological Literacy and Work Readiness of Australian Psychology Undergraduates through a Capstone and Work‐Integrated Learning Experience: Current Issues and What Needs to be Done 下载免费PDF全文
227.
Michael J. Gawrysiak Shirley H. Leong Stevie N. Grassetti Mara Wai Ryan C. Shorey Michael J. Baime 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2016,29(5):552-560
Background and Objectives: This study examined the relationship between distress tolerance and psychosocial changes among individuals participating in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). The objective of the analysis was to discern whether individuals with lower distress tolerance measured before MBSR showed larger reductions in perceived stress following MBSR. Design and Methods: Data were collected from a sample of convenience (n?=?372) using a quasi-experimental design. Participants completed self-report measures immediately prior to course enrollment and following course completion. Results: Perceived stress, distress tolerance, and mood states showed favorable changes from pre- to post-MBSR in the current study. Baseline distress tolerance significantly moderated reductions on perceived stress, supporting the primary hypothesis that individuals with lower baseline distress tolerance evidenced a greater decline in perceived stress following MBSR. For a one-unit increase on the self-reported baseline Distress Tolerance Scale, reported perceived stress scores decreased by 2.5 units (p?.0001). Conclusions: The finding that individuals with lower baseline distress tolerance evidenced a greater decline in perceived stress may offer hints about who is most likely to benefit from MBSR and other mindfulness-based treatments. Identifying moderators of treatment outcomes may yield important benefits in matching individuals to treatments that are most likely to work for them. 相似文献
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L. Clark Johnson Randal Beaton Shirley Murphy Kenneth Pike 《International journal of stress management》2000,7(4):247-267
Data from a longitudinal occupational health survey of professional fire fighters were used to explore the potential impact of two types of methodological bias: sample selection and reactivity. No significant differences on demographic variables were observed between the group who first responded after a within-study change in survey administration format (Delayed) and respondents who had completed surveys since the study's inception (Initial). However, statistically significant differences in the study's 26 outcome measures provided some evidence that between-group differences did exist and that an administration format type of response bias was also potentially present. The effect sizes associated with the 37 observed significant differences ranged from small to medium. These results provide a context for a reexamination of standard techniques for the identification and interpretation of survey research biases. Methods are suggested to strengthen tests for selection bias and to minimize the impact of response biases. 相似文献
230.
Previous research has shown that feminine-typed women have an aversion to strenuous physical activity and when engaging in cross-sex behavior may experience psychological distress. Given the growing interest in aerobic exercise, the present study was designed to test whether sex-role orientation mediated the report of physical exertion. Subjects were 33 college-aged women selected from three categories: masculine, feminine, and androgynous. Procedures required that each subject complete two one-hour testing sessions. The first session was employed to collect anthropometric data and to evaluate maximum aerobic capacity, while the second session consisted of subjects completing a preperformance affect scale and subsequently running for 30 minutes at a preestablished work intensity. Results revealed that those who were feminine-typed gave significantly higher exertional ratings than either the masculine or androgynous women. The fact that the feminine group was less positive about the task suggests that the observed perceptual differences may have been due to affective schemata which have been hypothesized to mediate the perception of pain.This article is based on a master's thesis by the first author, but the second author assumed primary responsibility for the preparation of the present article. 相似文献