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81.
82.
A deterministic perspective, believing choices are a function of hereditary and environmental factors, could theoretically impact perceived moral responsibility and lead to decreased blame in judging others. However, little consistent support has been found relating individual differences in deterministic attitudes to blame/tolerance for others. Perhaps, though, providing information regarding past background hardships affecting an individual's current lifestyle could potentially mediate harsh moralistic judgments of that individual. In the two studies reported here, we further explored the relation of free will/determinism scales to attitudes toward others as well as the effect of manipulating background information on the assignment of blame. As in previous research, little support was found for the relation of deterministic attitudes to tolerance toward others. However, judgments following manipulated information about hypothetical target persons supported the conclusion that target individuals are blamed less and given more sympathy if more information related to previous hardships is provided. In addition, in the second study perceived similarity to a target individual was associated with decreased blame/greater sympathy for a target with alcohol abuse problems. 相似文献
83.
Black, Hispanic, and White American mothers (n = 739) and adolescents (n = 806) completed the Parent Success Indicator to rate maternal performance on subscales of Communication, Use of Time, Teaching, Frustration, Satisfaction, and Information Needs. A weighted method corresponding to ethnic proportions in the American population was applied to construct a national standard for comparative reference. In general, both generations perceived mother performance as favorable. Teaching received the highest rating followed by Satisfaction levels. Mothers felt that Information Needs were their greatest limitation while adolescents reported that their mothers were prone to frustration. The amount of time mothers and adolescents spent together was the most significant independent variable influencing parent performance. Other variables such as income and marital status had limited impact. 相似文献
84.
The effect of cues on young children's abilities to discriminate among thoughts, feelings and behaviours 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVE: To determine if cues help young children discriminate among thoughts, feelings and behaviours. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six children aged 4-7 years from three schools in Norwich, UK. DESIGN: Within each age band (4, 5, 6, 7), children were randomised to the cue or the no cue condition on a stratified basis ensuring that equal numbers of boys and girls from each school were in each of the eight cells (cue condition x age). Cues were glove puppets and post boxes. The effect of IQ was controlled. MEASURES: A discrimination task, in which children were asked to identify a thought, a feeling and a behaviour from each of six brief stories, and a brief IQ assessment were administered to children individually. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of age and cue condition on performance; older children and those who were presented with the cue performed better. There were no gender differences and no interaction between cue condition and age. CONCLUSION: Many young children discriminated among thoughts, feelings and behaviours suggesting that they may be able to engage in this aspect of cognitive behaviour therapy. Simple cues (puppets and posting boxes) improved children's performance and these may be useful therapeutic tools with young children. 相似文献
85.
Fleischmann ST 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):369-381
Ethical decision-making is essential to professionalism in engineering. For that reason, ethics is a required topic in an
ABET approved engineering curriculum and it must be a foundational strand that runs throughout the entire curriculum. In this
paper the curriculum approach that is under development at the Padnos School of Engineering (PSE) at Grand Valley State University
will be described. The design of this program draws heavily from the successful approach used at the service academies — in
particular West Point and the United States Naval Academy. As is the case for the service academies, all students are introduced
to the “Honor Concept” (which includes an Honor Code) as freshmen. As an element of professionalism the PSE program requires
1500 hours of co-op experience which is normally divided into three semesters of full-time work alternated with academic semesters
during the last two years of the program. This offers the faculty an opportunity to teach ethics as a natural aspect of professionalism
through the academic requirements for co-op. In addition to required elements throughout the program, the students are offered
opportunities to participate in service projects which highlight responsible citizenship. These elements and other parts of
the approach will be described.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting, New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献King Solomon
86.
Battle CL Shea MT Johnson DM Yen S Zlotnick C Zanarini MC Sanislow CA Skodol AE Gunderson JG Grilo CM McGlashan TH Morey LC 《Journal of personality disorders》2004,18(2):193-211
Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse and neglect are frequently implicated in the development of personality disorders (PDs); however, research on the childhood histories of most PD groups remains limited. In this multisite investigation, we assessed self-reported history of abuse and neglect experiences among 600 patients diagnosed with either a PD (borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive) or major depressive disorder without PD. Results indicate that rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with PDs are generally high (73% reporting abuse; 82% reporting neglect). As expected, borderline PD was more consistently associated with childhood abuse and neglect than other PD diagnoses. However, even when controlling for the effect of borderline PD, other PD diagnoses were associated with specific types of maltreatment. 相似文献
87.
Schachar RJ Chen S Logan GD Ornstein TJ Crosbie J Ickowicz A Pakulak A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2004,32(3):285-293
We studied error monitoring in ADHD and control children in a task requiring inhibition of a motor response. The extent of slowing following successful (stopped) and failed (nonstopped) inhibition was compared across groups. We also measured the time required to inhibit a response (stop signal reaction time, SSRT). Compared to controls, ADHD participants slowed less following nonstopped responses. Slowing did not vary with comorbid reading, oppositional, conduct or anxiety disorder, sex or ADHD subtype. Slowing after nonstopped responses was marginally, although significantly correlated with total ADHD symptoms and with age. ADHD participants had significantly longer SSRT than controls, but SSRT was not significantly correlated with slowing. The apparent deficit in error monitoring in ADHD and its independence from the inhibition deficit observed in ADHD has implications for executive control models of ADHD, performance problems associated with the disorder and for component theories of executive control. 相似文献
88.
Yen S Shea MT Pagano M Sanislow CA Grilo CM McGlashan TH Skodol AE Bender DS Zanarini MC Gunderson JG Morey LC 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2003,112(3):375-381
This study examined diagnostic predictors of prospectively observed suicide attempts in a personality disorder (PD) sample. During 2 years of follow-up, 58 participants (9%) reported at least 1 definitive suicide attempt. Predictors that were examined include 4 PD diagnoses and selected Axis I diagnoses (baseline and course). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline borderline personality disorder (BPD) and drug use disorders significantly predicted prospective suicide attempts. Controlling for baseline BPD diagnosis, proportional hazards analyses showed that worsening in the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and of substance use disorders in the month preceding the attempt were also significant predictors. Therefore, among individuals diagnosed with PDs. exacerbation of Axis I conditions, particularly MDD and substance use, heightens risk for a suicide attempt. 相似文献
89.
Immigrant families in the United States experience many adjustments, including the challenge of parenting in a new context. The relationship between self-perceptions of parenting behavior and mothers' perceived acculturation levels for themselves and their children was examined in 95 Chinese immigrant mothers. Data showed that mothers perceived their children as more acculturated than themselves, mothers reported a great need to learn more about how their children are growing up today, a larger perceived acculturation gap was associated with more parenting difficulties, and several factors contributed to perceptions of a more favorable parenting experience. Culturally responsive methodologies used in the translation and administration of measures, and specific modifications made to develop the Chinese version of the Parent Success Indicator, are discussed. 相似文献
90.
Dianne Bertolino-Green Ph.D. Glenn H. Asquith Jr. Ph.D. J. L. Cedarleaf J. Earl Thompson Jr. Sarah F. Speed Rodney J. Hunter Rush Otey Herbert Anderson Rev. James G. Emerson Ph.D. Charles B. Cousar Ph.D. Justo L. González Louis R. Lothman S.T.D. J. Harold Ellens Christie Cozad Neuger Ph.D. C. Benton Kline Jasper N. Keith Jr. Bobbie Wrenn Banks M. Div. John Patton Elizabeth Liebert Jeanne Stevenson Moessner Thomas H. Phillips M.Div. Marie McCarthy Ph.D. Paul J. Johnson III Leslie E. Cole Shirley C. Guthrie 《Pastoral Psychology》1991,39(6):373-431