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71.
We developed a paper test utilizing a mechanism for measuring implicit association similar to that used in the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). The target concepts were buried among positive and negative words on a piece of paper. Examinees marked the targets as "bad" or "good" in one task and conversely in the other, along with the evaluative words. Instead of reaction times, we counted the number of words marked in 20 sec for each task. This procedure allowed group administration. We calculated the implicit measure using the difference in the average number of words marked in the task pairs. The results of a test administered to 82 undergraduates with three different targets showed significant correlations (rs = .26-.35) with the results of IAT administered to the same participants. It also showed significant reliability (rs = .56-.71). We discuss the practical usability of the test with application studies conducted in various areas. 相似文献
72.
Mori N 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(3):291-314
No one can access the original events to examine the veracity of a human experience in everyday situations. The present experiment
was done to compare two conditions under which a participant remembered (1) her actual contact with the environment and (2)
her indirect experience—information about another person’s direct experience that was communicated to her. Several differences
in the forms of remembering such as narrative styles, way of describing and naming of object, motive for actions—were found
to differ between those two conditions. Those differences were shown to disappear with repeated remembering occasions due
to intrapersonal and interpersonal conventionalization. These results suggest that it is possible to examine the veracity
of an experience based on forms of remembering, rather than on its content. Theoretical discussion links the present experiment
to the study of memory and remembering from the perspective of Bartlett’s (Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932) schema theory.
Naohisa Mori is currently a professor of Human Sciences at Sapporo Gakuin University, who started his career as an experimental psychologist of memory. After receiving his master’s degree from Tsukuba University, he learnt the social nature of memory and became interested in the social and institutional constraints on remembering. He made some participated observation on a joint remembering in a small group. He has also been collaborating with lawyers in the examination of the credibility of confession and testimony. In this collaboration, he knew he had to study the veracity of an experience in remembering. 相似文献
Naohisa MoriEmail: |
Naohisa Mori is currently a professor of Human Sciences at Sapporo Gakuin University, who started his career as an experimental psychologist of memory. After receiving his master’s degree from Tsukuba University, he learnt the social nature of memory and became interested in the social and institutional constraints on remembering. He made some participated observation on a joint remembering in a small group. He has also been collaborating with lawyers in the examination of the credibility of confession and testimony. In this collaboration, he knew he had to study the veracity of an experience in remembering. 相似文献
73.
Lauren French Matthew P. Gerrie Maryanne Garry Kazuo Mori 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(4):1224-1232
The MORI technique provides a unique way to research social influences on memory. The technique allows people to watch different
movies on the same screen at the same time without realizing that each of them sees something different. As a result, researchers
can create a situation in which people feel as though they share an experience, but systematic differences are introduced
into their memories, and the effect of those differences can be tracked through a discussion. Despite its methodological advances,
the MORI technique has been met with criticism, mostly because reviewers are worried that the MORI technique might not completely
block the alternate movie version from view, leading people in these studies to see their partner’s version of the movie as
well as their own. We addressed these concerns in two experiments. We found no evidence that subjects noticed the alternate
movie version while watching a movie via the MORI technique (Experiment 1) and no evidence that subjects remembered details
from the alternate movie version (Experiment 2). Taken together, the results provide support for the MORI technique as a valuable
research tool. 相似文献
74.
Ota A Kaneko YS Mori K Nakashima A Nagatsu I Nagatsu T 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,10(2):131-136
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, triggers cells to synthesize and release inflammatory cytokines that may progress to septic shock in vivo. We found that LPS enhances tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis by inducing the biosynthetic enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH) in vitro in the mouse neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115. Furthermore, we observed that gene expression of GCH in the locus coeruleus (LC) in mice was enhanced by peripheral administration of LPS, resulting in increased concentrations of BH4, and norepinephrine, and its metabolite 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG). These results suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity is increased by increased content of BH4 due to enhanced mRNA expression of GCH in the LC resulting in the increase in norepinephrine in the LC during endotoxemia. LPS in blood may act as a stressor to increase norepinephrine biosynthesis in the mouse LC. 相似文献
75.
Cracchiolo JR Mori T Nazian SJ Tan J Potter H Arendash GW 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,88(3):277-294
Although social, physical, and cognitive activities have each been suggested to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), epidemiologic studies cannot determine which activity or combination of activities is most important. To address this question, mutant APP transgenic AD mice were reared long-term in one of four housing conditions (impoverished, social, social+physical, or complete enrichment) from 1(1/2) through 9 months of age. Thus, a stepwise layering of social, physical, and enhanced cognitive activity was created. Behavioral evaluation in a full battery of sensorimotor, anxiety, and cognitive tasks was carried out during the final 5 weeks of housing. Only AD mice raised in complete enrichment (i.e., enhanced cognitive activity) showed: (1) protection against cognitive impairment, (2) decreased brain beta-amyloid deposition, and (3) increased hippocampal synaptic immunoreactivity. The protection provided by enhanced cognitive activity spanned multiple cognitive domains (working memory, reference learning, and recognition/identification). Cognitive and neurohistologic benefits of complete enrichment occurred without any changes in blood cytokine or corticosterone levels, suggesting that enrichment-dependent mechanisms do not involve changes in the inflammatory response or stress levels, respectively. These results indicate that the enhanced cognitive activity of complete enrichment is required for cognitive and neurologic benefit to AD mice-physical and/or social activity are insufficient. Thus, our data suggest that humans who emphasize a high lifelong level of cognitive activity (over and above social and physical activities) will attain the maximal environmental protection against AD. 相似文献
76.
Kumi Hirokawa Eriko Matsuno Kazuo Mori Jun Ukita 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2006,9(2):132-139
The present study examined the relationships of masculinity and femininity with concession in an experimental collaborative eyewitness testimony task, using the MORI technique. Participants formed same sex or mixed sex pairs and watched a videotaped event. Their eyewitness memories were assessed three times: immediately after watching, after discussing the event together, and individually 1 week later . The participants' self-confidence in their recalled memories and percentages of concessions were also examined. The Masculinity-Humanity-Femininity Scale was administered to the participants at the end of the experiment. The results showed that masculinity negatively correlated with concession, and that both masculinity and femininity were associated with inaccuracy in collaborative memory recall. 相似文献
77.
To reveal the pure effects of trial-by-trial feedback on judgmental accuracy and sequential dependencies independent of global anchoring effects and other influences, we presented subjects with sequences consisting alternately (within an experimental session) of short runs of trials with feedback (feedback sequences) and without feedback (no-feedback sequences). In Experiments 1 and 2 (absolute identification of sound intensity and sound frequency, respectively), judgmental accuracy was the same in the feedback and the no-feedback sequences, contrary to previous results. Also, in the feedback sequences, the dependency of the current response on the immediately preceding stimulus was larger than that in the no-feedback sequences, while the dependency on the previous response was larger in the no-feedback sequences. In Experiment 3 (absolute identification of sound frequency), we attempted to separate the effects of the number of response categories on sequential dependencies from the effects of the number of stimuli. The results showed that the number of response categories had a larger effect than the number of stimuli on most aspects of performance, but that both affected sequential dependencies. These results are generally consistent with a theory of absolute identification in which feedback affects judgmental accuracy by improving long-term memory for judgmental anchors, while feedback affects sequential dependencies by altering response biases. 相似文献
78.
Masaharu Hatano Yoshiki Kubota Takahisa Shobu Shigeo Mori 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2016,96(6):220-227
We have investigated the formation process of α′-martensite from the γ-phase induced by external strain using in situ synchrotron diffraction experiments, combined with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM observations. It is clearly demonstrated that ε-martensite with hexagonal symmetry appears as an intermediate structure during the plastic deformation of SUS304 stainless steel. In addition to stacking faults and dislocations, interfaces between the twin structures presumably play a key role in the formation of ε-martensite. 相似文献
79.
Anna S. Pruitt John P. Barile Terry Yasuko Ogawa Nelson Peralta Reumell Bugg John Lau Thomas Lamberton Corazon Hall Victor Mori 《American journal of community psychology》2018,61(1-2):104-117
This article presents findings from a community‐based participatory evaluation of a Housing First program on the Island of O'ahu. In this study, clients in a Housing First program used Photovoice to evaluate the program and to advocate for progressive housing policies. Written together by members of the Housing First Photovoice group, this collaborative article describes the outcomes from both the Housing First program and the Photovoice project and demonstrates the ways in which participatory program evaluations can interact with client‐driven programs like Housing First to produce a cumulative, transformative impact. Findings suggest that community psychologists hoping to re‐engage with community mental health systems through enacting transformative change should consider taking a community‐based participatory approach to program evaluation because increased client voice in community mental health programs and their evaluations can have far‐reaching, transformative impacts for research, practice, and policy. 相似文献