Geometric vector orthogonal rotation method in multiple-factor analysis

An objective method for the orthogonal rotation of factors which gives results closer to the graphic method is proposed. First, the fact that the varimax method does not always satisfy simple-structure criteria, e.g., the positive manifold and the level contributions of all factors, is pointed out. Next, the principles of our method which are based on “geometric vector” are discussed, and the computational procedures for this method are explained using Harman and Holzinger's eight physical variables. Finally, six numerical examples by our method are presented, and it is shown that they are very close to the factors obtained from empirical studies both in values and in signs.     

Relative locations among moving spots and visual vector analysis.

How the direction of apparent movement changed with the relative locations among spots was quantitatively measured by the method proposed by Hochberg and Fallon. From the vector-extraction model (proposed by Johansson) expanded as, "The vector to be subtracted depends on the relative location." and the directions of apparent movement, the vector to be subtracted was calculated at each relative location. Consequently data showed (i) the region in which the directions of spots in motion are affected by the frame is finite, and (ii) the degree of the influence is not iniform in the region but is rapidly reduced as spots go away from the frame.     

Comments on defining adolescence

Aspects of a definition for two characteristics of adolescence, being capable of doing something or not and having the right to do it, are proposed since adolescence is a period when a person is capable of but without the right to do something.     

Effects of prior knowledge and response bias upon recognition memory for a story: Implications for children's eyewitness testimony

Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the integration hypothesis and the response bias hypothesis for explaining the fragility of children's eyewitness memory, by varying the plausibility of postevent information and the strength of response bias in recognition tests. Preschool children were told a story in which a boy named Ken saw a housebreaker stealing various objects and the postevent information was also incorporated into the story. The first recognition test was administered immediately following the presentation of an interpolated story, and the second recognition test was administered 10 weeks later. The results indicated that high-plausibility objects tended to be recognized as the stolen objects in the second recognition test, and that recognition accuracy was higher for a new-distractor condition than for a misleading-distractor condition. These findings were interpreted as suggesting that the memory representation of the story might be changed through the integration processes and/or rendered inaccessible in terms of the response bias.     

Visibility pattern of Bose–Fermi mixtures in one-dimensional incommensurate lattices

Abstract

We performed numerical simulations to demonstrate localization phenomena of Bose–Fermi mixture systems on incommensurate optical lattices by changing Bose–Bose and Bose–Fermi interactions. Visibility patterns of the bosons were measured to observe bosonic coherence in various selections of the interaction parameters. We found that the coherence was enhanced with repulsive Bose–Fermi interactions. It was also enhanced with attractive Bose–Fermi interactions but only in certain conditions. The enhancement by repulsive interactions and that by attractive interactions occurred with different mechanisms.     

Does prey matter? Geographic variation in antipredator responses of hatchlings of a Japanese natricine snake (Rhabdophis tigrinus)

Rhabdophis tigrinus, which typically forages on toads, has unusual nuchal glands on its dorsal neck region containing secretions chemically comparable to cardiac steroids found in toads. R. tigrinus also has several peculiar antipredator displays involving the neck region. If the nuchal gland secretions of R. tigrinus are derived from toads obtained as prey, populations of R. tigrinus that have not eaten toads over an evolutionary time scale would be expected to lose antipredator displays related to the nuchal glands. We found that laboratory-hatched R. tigrinus from a small toad-free island exhibited displays related to nuchal glands less frequently and flight responses more frequently than hatchling snakes from areas sympatric with toads. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of the dietary origin of the nuchal gland secretions and also support the genetic origin of the behavioral differences between the populations.     

Frame effects in visual search for line orientation

In the present study, we investigated the effects of surrounding frames on visual search for line orientation. Every line item presented in the display was surrounded by a square frame of identical size and orientation. The orientations of the frames, as well as those of the target and distractor lines, were either vertical or tilted. In six experiments, the surrounding frames caused substantial changes in search efficiency for vertical targets and for tilted targets. The search asymmetry between the two types of targets was reversed when the frame was tilted at the same angle as the tilted line. Several variations of the frames (a pair of parallel lines, squares with gaps, and squares with circular contours inside) also changed search efficiency significantly. Taken together, these results imply that three different sources contribute to frame effects: distractor roles played by the frame components, orientation contrast from the frame contour, and interference in local orientation processing (Hayward & Burke, 2000). Implications of the present findings are discussed in reference to rod-and-frame effects (Witkin & Asch, 1948) and to the effects of a large frame surrounding an entire display of lines (Marendaz, 1998; Treisman, 1985).     

Does Dissociation Among Adolescents Predict Difficulties? A Panel Study in Japan

Dissociation has been reported to be associated with emotive-relational and behavioral difficulties; however, the temporal relationship between dissociation and these difficulties is unclear. Accordingly, this study investigated whether dissociation predicts difficulties (including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems) in adolescents. A two-wave cross-lagged panel study (Time 1: September–November 2016, Time 2: February–March 2017) was conducted among 1,773 Japanese junior high and high school students at two private schools (995 boys and 778 girls; M_age = 14.79 years at Time 1 and 15.09 years at Time 2). Dissociation was assessed using the Japanese version of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and perceived difficulties were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A cross-lagged effects model analysis indicated that high dissociation scores at Time 1 predicted high difficulties scores at Time 2. These findings suggest that dissociation could effectively predict difficulties in junior high and high school students. This study expands the field's understanding of the temporal relationship between behavioral problems and dissociation, which could help prevent problem behaviors.