漕盐转运与明代淮安城镇经济的发展

大运河在隋朝贯通后,淮安成为漕运要道,唐宋后,淮安又成盐运要津。明代以后,两淮盐业更加兴盛,特别是迁都北京后,京城粮米更赖漕运接济,淮安作为漕盐转运的一个重要枢纽,设有众多官府官员,其城市经济也步入繁华时代。     

职业决策的策略及其与人-职匹配的关系

职业决策常分三类:理智型、直觉型及依赖型,但直觉型的内容不明。本研究用自编的职业决策问卷(其中直觉型策略细化为三种启发式)对516名近两年做过职业决策者作了调查。结果发现:除理智型策略外,受调查者还较多使用再认、满意化、排除法这三种启发式,较少使用依赖型策略;性别、学历、求职经验不同者使用的策略有不同程度的差异;理智型策略和满意化对人-职匹配有显著预测作用。这提示应合理认识人们使用的多种策略及其不同作用。     

Negative pragmatic transfer in Chinese students' complimentary speech acts

Summary.-This study was designed to examine negative pragmatic transfer of the speech act of English compliments by Chinese who learn English as a foreign language and to estimate the correlation between the amount of negative pragmatic transfer and English proficiency of the Chinese learners. Frequencies of students' performance showed that both in the favored compliments and the response strategies, differences were evident between Chinese English learners and native English speakers. This indicated that Chinese learners had trouble with the "slang" or "idioms" of the target language and tended to transfer negatively their L1 pragmatic norms to their L2 communication. Moreover, the favored compliment response strategies used by two groups of Chinese learners--who had different levels of English proficiency--differed, and negative pragmatic transfer decreased as proficiency in English increased.     

Psychopathic Traits and Physiological Responses to Aversive Stimuli in Children Aged 9–11 Years

Atypical eletrodermal and cardiovascular response patterns in psychopathic individuals are thought to be biological indicators of fearless and disinhibition. This study investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and these autonomic response patterns using a countdown task in 843 children (aged 9-10?years). Heart rate (HR) and non-specific skin conductance responses (NS-SCRs) were recorded while participants anticipated and reacted to 105?dB signaled or un-signaled white-noise bursts. Using multilevel regression models, both larger HR acceleration and fewer NS-SCR were found to be significantly associated with psychopathic traits during anticipation of signaled white-noise bursts. However, two divergent patterns appeared for HR and SCR: (1) larger HR acceleration was specific to the callousness-disinhibition factor of psychopathic traits while reduced NS-SCR was only associated with the manipulative-deceitfulness factor; (2) the negative association between the manipulative-deceitfulness factor and NS-SCR was only found in boys but not in girls. These findings replicated what has been found in psychopathic adults, suggesting that autonomic deficits present in children at risk may predispose them to later psychopathy. The divergent findings across psychopathic facets and sexes raised the possibility of different etiologies underlying psychopathy, which may in turn suggest multiple treatment strategies for boys and girls.     

Latent Profile Analysis of Psychopathy in Chinese Female Offenders

The present study aimed to identify meaningful subtypes of psychopathy among Chinese female offenders. A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) based on the scores of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathic Scale was performed in a sample of Chinese female prisoners (N?=?279, M age?=?45.43, SD?=?8.62). The LPA yielded three profiles: “low psychopathy group” (27.6%), “moderate psychopathy group” (66.7%), and “high egocentricity and antisocial group” (5.7%). These profiles differed on all outcome variables including anxiety, depression, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. The high egocentricity and antisocial group had a greater risk for anxiety, recidivism, impulsiveness, and aggression. Overall, the findings support the existence of psychopathy subtypes in non-Western cultural contexts, suggest gender similarities in the manifestation of psychopathy traits, and further the understanding of psychopathy typologies.

     

具身的形式灵魂:亚里士多德与梅洛-庞蒂

亚里士多德认为灵魂是特殊的形式,是生命躯体的第一现实性。生命躯体的种种精神能力属于灵魂。它们是生命体作为形式(灵魂)与质料(躯体)的结合体的与身具有的功能活动。形式的灵魂是具身的。但是,形式何以能够从肉身中产生却深深困扰着亚里士多德。梅洛-庞蒂服膺亚里士多德的形式灵魂的思想,但利用现象学的方法改造了亚里士多德的实体属性的灵魂,而把形式视为是神经系统的现象与结构。即形式产生自我们的肉身并构成了行为的结构。行为是具身的行为。     

垄断企业高管薪酬:不足还是过度?

垄断的"放大效应"使垄断企业业绩对高管努力的敏感度大干非垄断企业业绩对高管努力的敏感度.本文用模型证明了,当高管能力相同、努力程度相同时,资产规模相同的垄断企业的业绩大干非垄断企业的业绩,主要是因为垄断企业天生被赋予的垄断优势.因此,当垄断企业和非垄断企业业绩相同时,支付给垄断企业高管的薪酬应该低于支付给非垄断企业高管的薪酬.论文还用2008年上市公司的数据验证了垄断的"放大效应",检验了当前垄断企业高管薪酬水平的合理性,最终发现目前垄断企业的高管薪酬相对于其业绩来说是过高的,存在激励过度问题.     

Is it Racist? Addressing Racial Microaggressions in Counselor Training

This article describes a series of activities for educating counselors regarding a form of racism dubbed racial microaggressions. Meaning and impact of microaggressions are examined. Activities for responding to microaggressions can be applied to clinical and school contexts, and are useful for educators in professional and university settings.     

《王制》的天下格局与内外秩序——以儒家“风俗”论为线索

《礼记·王制》在“立法”的意义上,将“天下”建构为以“九州—四海”为格局的空间模型。在此模型中,《王制》以自然因素与政教因素所共同形成的“风俗”为标准,设计出“中国—戎夷”有别的内外秩序。这样的秩序贯穿着王者政教的始终。由此,自然风俗的差异与王者政教的同一,使得《王制》中的“天下”展现出多元性与普遍性共存的特点。