克俭惜福 德泽流芳——印光大师对“克俭”美德的坚守与传承

前言克俭是中华美德,中华民族自古就提倡珍惜粮食、勤俭节省。《尚书·大禹谟》曰:"克勤于邦,克俭于家。"《道德经》说:"吾有三宝,持而宝之。一曰慈,二曰俭,三曰不敢为天下先。"孔子提倡"温良恭俭让",并提倡"谨身节用,以养父母"之孝;墨子撰《节用》以纠奢。由此可见,先秦之际,克俭之德已深入人心,成为中华民族的普遍价值。     

从基督教与进化论的第一次相遇谈起

在许多学者眼中,达尔文(Darwin,1809-1882)的进化论与基督教的创世说之间的分歧始终是困扰着现代西方文化的和谐发展的一大矛盾。但事实上,当达尔文的《物种起源》一书于1859年首次在英国伦敦面世时,非但没有使他在当时仍受教会资助的剑桥大学中陷入四面楚歌的境地,反而在一定程度上得到了一些信仰或同情基督教的科学     

Perceiving verbal and vocal emotions in a second language

Emotional inferences from speech require the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions. We asked whether this integration is comparable when listeners are exposed to their native language and when they listen to a language learned later in life. To this end, we presented native and non-native listeners with positive, neutral and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral or sad tone of voice. In two separate tasks, participants judged word valence and ignored tone of voice or judged emotional tone of voice and ignored word valence. While native listeners outperformed non-native listeners in the word valence task, performance was comparable in the voice task. More importantly, both native and non-native listeners responded faster and more accurately when verbal and vocal emotional expressions were congruent as compared to when they were incongruent. Given that the size of the latter effect did not differ as a function of language proficiency, one can conclude that the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions occurs as readily in one's second language as it does in one's native language.     

The basis of preference for lexical words in 6-month-old infants

Six-month-old English-learning infants have been shown to prefer English lexical over English grammatical words. The preference is striking because there are few grammatical words in total number but each occurs far more frequently in input speech than any individual lexical word. This could be because lexical words are universally more salient and interesting acoustic and phonological forms than are grammatical words. Alternatively, familiarity may play a role since infants may know some specific lexical words. Here we explore the first possibility by testing Chinese-learning infants’ response to English lexical and grammatical words. These infants, who had virtually no prior exposure to English and thus were unfamiliar with any English words, nevertheless preferred to listen to English lexical words, as in the case of English-learning infants. This finding increases the plausibility that it is the acoustic and phonological salience of lexical words that determines the preference for lexical words in infants.     

Axioms for Deliberative Stit

Based on a notion of companions to stit formulas applied in other papers dealing with astit logics, we introduce choice formulas and nested choice formulas to prove the completeness theorems for dstit logics in a language with the dstit operator as the only non-truth-functional operator. The main logic discussed in this paper is the basic logic of dstit with multiple agents, other logics discussed include the basic logic of dstit with a single agent and some logics of dstit with multiple agents each of which corresponds to a semantic condition concerning the number of possible choices for agents.     

轻度抑郁者在自我相关编码任务中的加工偏向

对３０位轻度抑郁者和３３位非抑郁者采用自我相关编码任务范式,进行自我图式的实验对照研究。     

神经症患者的人格特征与父母教养方式的关系

本文采用父母教养方式评价量表 (EMBU)和艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)对 40名住院神经症患者进行了测查 ,结果发现艾森克人格问卷所测查的四种人格维度 E(内、外向 )、L (掩饰或社会性幼稚水平 )、N(神经质 )和 P(精神质或倔强、讲求实际 )得分分别与不良的父母教养方式如严厉惩罚、过度干涉和过分保护、拒绝与否认以及偏爱被试等因子分呈显著的相关关系。     

记忆自然恢复的多高峰现象与记忆保持的生理节律论

以５．５～６岁幼儿为对象,自１９８９—１９９１年用三种不同性质学习材料,进行三次实验。有效被试人数为２６８,５７３,３６６人。表明学习后４０天内多次呈现记忆自然恢复高峰。１９９２年数学实验表明学习后第７天复习（高峰期）的长时记忆效果优于第５天（低谷期）。现有记忆理论无法解释本现象。提出了以学习为始点的生理活动节律对保持材料自动加固的理论。     

授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响