亚里士多德论人类欲望的三种形式及其统一

亚里士多德在《论灵魂》中提出了一个多层次的欲望概念,并在其道德哲学研究中对这个概念作出了进一步的发展。他区分了一般而论的欲望和具体的欲望形式,前者通常被认为是灵魂中与理性相对的部分,后者则根据其目标以及追求方式的不同而区分为欲求、冲动和想望。其中,想望作为一种特殊的欲望,本身便包含了对价值的敏感并且自然地与理性判断一致。本文试图指出,一般而论的欲望概念难以为人类行为的多重动机及其相互间的竞争关系给出恰当的说明,而一种经过区分的欲望概念则突破了理性与欲望对立的传统思路,不仅使我们对人性的复杂具有更加深入的认识,同时有助于我们更好地观察人类行为并对其作出恰当的道德评价。     

Effects of ownership expressed by the first-person possessive pronoun

The present study examined the behavioral effects of the first-person possessive pronoun. In each trial, a noun (e.g. cup or bread) was presented to participants after visual presentation of a possessive pronoun “wo de” (Chinese for “my”) or “ta de” (Chinese for “his”), which formed ownership. Half participants were assigned to contextual encoding (CE) condition in which they were required to judge whether they liked the item expressed by a noun from the first or third-person perspective. The rest were assigned to perceptual encoding (PE) condition in which they were asked to judge what color the noun was. A subsequent recall test was performed. The results showed that there were significant memory and response advantages for nouns in “my” ownership under both conditions. The results were discussed with reference to self-specificity and other effects in the current study.     

从“变色龙效应”到“镜像神经元”再到“模仿过多症”—— 作为社会交流产物的人类无意识模仿

人类无意识模仿是指人们在社会交流时会相互无意识地模仿对方的一些动作、表情和行为方式。其在个体社会认知以及人际交流上扮演着重要的角色。通过回顾近十年来人类无意识模仿的各个领域内的研究进展, 以及分析无意识模仿的行为学效应, 脑神经机制以及病理学调控, 可以得出如下结论：所有神经层面以及行为层面的人类无意识模仿现象都是社会交流的产物。该观点在澄清无意识模仿神经机制以及促进幼儿社会认知发展方面具有一定启示意义, 而探索孤独症患者无意识模仿障碍的病理机制有望为该领域的未来研究开启新的方向。     

影响城市流动儿童自我认同的因素探析

目的：探索城市流动儿童自我认同现状及与家庭因素,亲子依恋和安全感的关系。方法：使用自我认同问卷,亲子依恋问卷,安全感问卷对四川省成都市五所打工子弟学校329名中小学生进行调查。结果：父亲文化程度（?=-0.123）、父母感情关系（?=0.107）、消极性依恋和依赖性依恋（?=-0.137、?=0.102）、人际安全感、确定安全感(?=0.338、?=0.202)可以解释流动儿童自我认同方差变异的35%。结论：不安全亲子依恋关系和流动儿童感受到的不安全感对其自我认同有较大的影响。     

维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童的高频词词典通达

采用启动条件下的图片命名任务,比较维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童高频词词典通达过程。结果发现：反应时上,正常组在SOA为60ms 时,出现了整词启动效应,而SOA为100ms时,出现了整词和音节启动效应;障碍组在不同启动条件下都没有出现启动效应;错误率上,障碍组出现了整词和音节干扰效应;正常组出现了整词促进效应;在所有启动条件下,障碍儿童的图片命名反应时都比正常儿童慢。结果说明,维吾尔语阅读障碍儿童由于其心理词典中高频词的形-音联结薄弱,而存在词典通达落后。     

Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults

Research on subjective well-being suggests that it is only partly a function of environmental circumstances. There may be a personality characteristic or a resilient disposition toward experiencing high levels of well-being even in unfavorable circumstances. Adult attachment may contribute to this resilient disposition. This study examined whether the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being was mediated by Neff's (2003a, 2003b) concept of self-compassion. It also examined empathy toward others as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being. In Study 1, 195 college students completed self-report surveys. In Study 2, 136 community adults provided a cross-validation of the results. As expected, across these 2 samples, findings suggested that self-compassion mediated the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being, and emotional empathy toward others mediated the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being.     

An All-inclusive Interpretation of Aristotle’s Contemplative Life

The debate between ‘inclusive’ and ‘dominant’ interpretations of Aristotle's concept of happiness (eudaimonia) has become one of the thorniest problems of Aristotle interpretation. In this paper, I attempt to solve this problem by presenting a multi-step argument for an ‘all-inclusive’ thesis, i.e., the Aristotelian philosopher or contemplator, in the strict sense, is someone who already possesses all the intellectual virtues (except technē), all the moral virtues (by way of the possession of phronēsis), and considerable other goods. If this thesis is correct, the inclusive and dominant interpretations will converge, for the philosopher turns out to be the happiest human being both in the inclusive and dominant senses.     

瓦格纳定律与服务业增长——一个对我国服务业发展水平偏低的解释

医疗卫生、教育和社会保障等公共社会服务领域的公共支出不足是造成我国公共社会服务业发展落后进而制约我国服务业整体发展水平提高的一个主要因素。其原因包括:我国中央财政收入占GDP比重低、政府职能转变步伐慢以及我国地方政府以GDP和财政收入为导向的经济发展动力等。提高我国服务业发展水平应该逐步增加政府支出占GDP的比重、加快政府职能向公共社会服务转变、鼓励地方政府将政府支出更多投向公共社会服务领域。     

政府改革之历史足迹与成长逻辑——基于历史坐标中的两种信任理论之考量

公共行政学自其诞生以来的百余年间,对于政府本身的定位经过了多次变化。我国行政伦理学家张康之教授从历史的宏观视野对政府的历史坐标进行了深入考察,提出了统治型政府、管理型政府和服务型政府的划分,与此相对应地提出了习俗型信任、契约型信任和合作型信任三种信任类型,为考察政府改革的历史足迹与成长逻辑提供了一种新的分析框架。公共行政学视域下的政府改革理论,从一开始就蕴含着市场运作逻辑和企业管理思想,20世纪六七十年代开始的新公共管理改革运动则将公共行政学的这一传统发挥到了极致。市场化政府改革将市场逻辑和经济人思维带进了政府,形成了一种基于契约化之上的管理型政府模式。基于理性而建立起来的契约型信任本身的脆弱性,决定了政府市场化改革的危机结果。非政府组织的出现以及新市民社会的成长,意味着一种网络式的社会治理和通过广泛的合作而进行的合作治理模式的到来。信任是合作的前提,合作治理模式的建构必须以合作型信任的建立为基础。未来的政府改革应该适应后工业社会的发展趋势,从基于契约型信任的市场化取向中解放出来,迈向多元治理主体本着公平参与、充满合作型信任以及基于善的完美生活追求的合作型治理模式。     

地方剥夺:观察农民工现象的东方视角

本文提示了与农民工有关的双层级差现象,认为马克思的"资本-剥削"概念不能对此提供足够的解释。根据马克思关于东方社会的论述,基于东方社会的现实,提出了"权力-剥夺"概念,认为这是双层级差现象的原因。"权力-剥夺"也可以延伸到对中国社会越来越大的其他社会差别的解释。