未来时间洞察力、目标定向、社会联结与大学生学习适应

采用问卷调查的方法,对708名大学生的未来时间洞察力(FTP)、目标定向、社会联结与学习适应的关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)FTP、学习定向及社会联结与大学生学习适应显著正相关,成绩定向与学习适应显著负相关.(2)中介效应检验表明,行为承诺(FTP的行为倾向成分)、目的意识(FTP的认知成分)、未来意象(FTP的认知成分)以及社会联结对学习适应均有直接影响,同时行为承诺、未来意象以及社会联结还通过学习定向间接影响学习适应,目的意识还通过成绩定向间接影响学习适应;而未来效能与远目标定向(FTP的体验成分)不能有效预测大学生学习适应.     

农民工社会排斥的制度内与制度外分析——杭州市的个案研究

本文通过对杭州市农民工的实地访谈发现,移徙工人在城市就业过程中不仅面临着制度性的排斥,而且也遭到非制度性的排斥.这种制度性的社会排斥主要表现为体制性的排斥、规范性的排斥和执行性的排斥;非制度性的排斥既来自于城市市民,也源自于农民工群体内部的竞争性排斥和强权性排斥.在上述发现的基础上,文章讨论了西尔弗提出的社会排斥范式的表现形式.作者认为,中国农民工在城市就业过程中受到的社会排斥符合垄断性排斥范式的特点,但是又有自己独特的表现形式,类似于费孝通所说的差序格局.     

Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: A minority stress model for Asian international students

This study examined 3 coping strategies (reflective, suppressive, and reactive), along with self-esteem, as moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. International students (N = 354) from China, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong provided data via an online survey. The role of perceived general stress was statistically controlled. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant direct effect of perceived discrimination, a significant 2-way interaction of perceived discrimination and suppressive coping, and a significant 3-way interaction of perceived discrimination, reactive coping, and self-esteem in predicting depressive symptoms. An increased tendency to use suppressive coping appeared to strengthen the association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. In contrast, the association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms was not significant when reactive coping was infrequently used, but only for students with relatively high self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).     

语言的群体间偏差研究

个体在用语言来描述他人的行为时,会因为描述对象的群体种类不同而有偏差,具体表现为在描述群体内成员的积极行为和群体外成员的负向行为时,会使用较高抽象水平的词;在描述群体外成员的积极行为和群体内成员的负向行为时,会使用较低抽象水平的词。这种抽象水平的差异由语言范畴模型来具体表明。Maass等人把这种描述上的偏差命名为语言的群体间偏差。并认为在这一现象下有两种机制：动机机制和认知机制,研究表明认知机制能解释大部分语言的群体间偏差现象,而动机机制会在群体内形象受到威胁时发挥作用。     

情境和任务对空间认知参考框架选择的影响

通过运动迷津和语言描述任务,考察情境和任务对大学生空间参考框架选择的影响。结果表明,开放空间和目标物同背景融为一体有利于被试选择绝对参考框架。习惯空间术语对空间参考框架选择有影响,但影响程度视情境和任务之间关系而定。     

How Do Organizations and Social Policies ‘Acculturate’ to Immigrants? Accommodating Skilled Immigrants in Canada

While the idea of acculturation (Berry 1997) was originally proposed as the mutual change of both parties (e.g., immigrants and the host society), the change processes of host societies are neglected in research. A grounded theory study explored the efforts of human service organizations to 'acculturate' to an increasingly diverse immigrant population, through interviews conducted with service providers serving Mainland Chinese immigrants. Acculturation efforts of human service organizations (mezzo-level acculturation) were often needs-driven and affected by the political will and resultant funding programs (macro-level forces). Even with limitations, human service organizations commonly focused on hiring Mainland Chinese immigrants to reflect the changing demographics of their clientele and creating new programs to meet the language and cultural backgrounds of the clients. To contextualize these organizational efforts, an analysis of how policy changes (macro-level acculturation) interact with organizational practice is presented. Finally, the meaning of acculturation for the host society is discussed.     

诱发负性情绪时人际情绪调节与个体情绪调节对前瞻记忆的影响

依据在情绪调节过程中大量存在的人际互动现象,首次明确提出人际情绪调节概念,并采用以前瞻记忆成绩为因变量的前后衔接、递进的两阶段实验模式研究其与个体情绪调节对缓解负性情绪影响的差异。结果表明：诱发的负性情绪会干扰双任务前瞻记忆;在高认知负载情境下,人际情绪调节对这种干扰的调节效果显著优于个体情绪调节。这说明从理论上确认人际情绪调节概念具有合理性,从实证上探讨了这种调节方式可能更有效地调节负性情绪对认知资源的占用,从而有助于扩展情绪调节领域的研究视角,并推进对其作用机制的研究     

Construct of job performance: Evidence from Chinese military soldiers

The construct of job performance has been one of the important topics in job performance research. The present study investigated the construct of job performance among Chinese military soldiers using both qualitative and quantitative methods. First, after interviewing 95 officers and soldiers, we categorized and conceptualized eight sets of typical behavioural incidents related to soldiers' job performance, and designed a questionnaire measuring job performance. Then, using a sample of 1402 Chinese soldiers, questionnaire reliability and validity were tested, and then the questionnaire was revised. The construct of job performance was further refined using confirmatory factor analyses and regression analyses using another sample of 1068 soldiers. The results showed that Chinese military soldiers' job performance consisted of two dimensions of task performance and contextual performance. Furthermore, task performance had three subfactors: military training, task accomplishment and work capability, whereas contextual performance encompassed four factors: helping others, love of learning, promoting organizational benefit and self-discipline. Task performance and contextual performance contributed independently to overall job performance.     

心境影响自尊的记忆效应的研究

研究了心境在自尊的记忆效应中所起的作用.被试为181名大学生,30个特质形容词为刺激材料,采用2(自尊分组)×2(BDI分组)×2(参照条件)×2(词性)的混合实验设计,要求被试自由回忆特质形容词.以中性词或BDI分数为协变量进行了方差分析及简单效应分析,结果重复证实了既往研究发现的自尊的记忆效应模式,且发现不存在对于负向信息的自我参照效应.更为重要的是,研究结果证实自尊的记忆效应并非暂时的心境使然,而是特质自尊作用的结果.这一结果有助于加深对自尊的认知动力特性的认识.     

健康人格研究述评

在适应现代生活的同时人们愈来愈重视人格健康问题,个体的健康人格状况一直受到学者们的关注.文章对国内外二十年来健康人格的理论和实证研究进展进行了系统综述.在此基础上,指出了健康人格研究领域存在的问题和将来进一步研究的方向.