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111.
Detection of a target grouping is expedited when the target display is preceded by presentation of an oscillating premask that includes priming elements presented intraphasically and below detection threshold at the display locations subsequently occupied by the target. Five experiments were performed to investigate how priming is affected by both the complexity and the geometry of prime/target forms. Experiment 1 showed that the subjective complexity of different polygons was coded in accord with an objective measure of form complexity. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed oscillatory priming to increase as a function of the subjective complexity of prime/target forms when those forms were regular and predictable. However, Experiments 4 and 5 showed that this relation did not hold when the prime/target forms were irregular and unpredictable. Taken together, it is argued that both subjective complexity and the Pr?gnanz quality of the prime/target forms come to determine the magnitude of priming. These results are discussed with reference to current physiological hypotheses regarding perceptual organization. 相似文献
112.
在DRM范式下,通过操纵加工水平和呈现时间,考察它们对错误记忆和真实记忆的影响.结果发现,加工水平对错误记忆没有影响,随着对词表加工水平的提高,错误再认率差异不显著.而加工水平对正确记忆有显著影响,不同加工水平间的正确再认率差异极其显著.错误记忆与正确记忆在加工水平上表现出了分离.在较慢呈现时间下,呈现时间对错误记忆和正确记忆的影响均不显著. 相似文献
113.
采用贝叶斯推理问题作为实验材料,通过分析被试推理过程中的理由叙述,探讨被试贝叶斯推理所使用的启发式策略,从认知偏向的角度分析该问题的困难原因.结果发现:(1)在贝叶斯推理过程中,对"击中率"命题的"换位表征"错误和锚定"基础比率"信息导致了"锚定参照错误"偏向,从而表现出对贝叶斯推理成绩显著的高估或低估;(2)"锚定参照错误"偏向程度和锚定参照目标受任务情境的影响;(3)解决良构的问题和非良构的问题时,"换位表征"的现象都有可能发生,而且表现得比较一致. 相似文献
114.
115.
通过两个眼动实验考察了在代词歧义消解中人们如何根据语境并利用语用知识理解隐含意义.实验一以24个语篇为实验材料,采用单因素两水平重复测量设计.结果表明间接方式下关键句阅读时间较长.实验二采用同样的实验设计,结果表明脱离语篇语境的关键句在不同条件下阅读时间相当.实验结果支持隐含意义的理解在句子加工的早期就已开始的联结主义观点. 相似文献
116.
企业家资源——社会资本理论综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文回顾了国内外社会资本研究的相关文献,对社会资本的定义、层次和分析维度等进行了综合评述,指出了仅基于某一层次研究该理论的利弊,提出了社会资本的系统论观点. 相似文献
117.
Tiffany M.Y. Lee Li-guo Guo Hong-zhi Shi Yong-zhi Li Yue-jia Luo Connie Y.Y. Sung Chetwyn C.H. Chan Tatia M.C. Lee 《Brain and cognition》2009
This fMRI study examined the neural correlates of the observed improvement in advantageous risk-taking behavior, as measured by the number of adjusted pumps in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), following a 60-day course of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recipe, specifically designed to regulate impulsiveness in order to modulate risk-taking behavior. The 14 participants recruited for this study were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups and the TCM recipe (Panax, 520 mg; Astragalus membranaceous Bunge, 520 mg; Masnetitum, 840 mg; Ostrea gigas Thumb, 470 mg; Thinleaf Milkwort Root Radix Polygalae, 450 mg; and Os Draconis, 470 mg) was administered, as a diet supplement, to the seven participants in the experimental group. The neural activity of the two groups was monitored by a 3T MRI scanner, before and after the 60-day treatment. Associated with the improved advantageous risk-taking behavior seen in the experimental group, significantly stronger blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses were observed in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left putamen, left thalamus, right insula, and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions which have previously been reported as being involved in risk-taking decision making. The effect of the TCM in improving advantageous risk-taking decision making appears to have been related to the enhanced efficiency of the cognitive affective system, the PFC–ACC–insula–striatum network, which functions to inhibit impulsiveness, to sensitize reward-related information, and to allow the opportunity, during risk estimation, to evaluate potential gains and losses. The findings of this study suggest that interventions acting on factors modulating risk-taking decision making could have a beneficial effect in terms of optimizing risk-taking behavior. 相似文献
118.
我国的东北地区,是道教传播的重要区域之一.战国秦汉之际,东北地区就有方仙道的踪迹.全真道兴起后,很快就传到了东北地区.现已发现一些金末元初的全真道碑刻.人清以后,东北道教中兴.道教在东北民众的生活中打下了深深的烙印,渗透到了民间风俗之中.东北地区的年节时令和日常礼俗与道教文化有着密切的关系. 相似文献
119.
This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework placing anxiety in a personal growth perspective. The authors first
discuss two different theories of anxiety, review some structural models of anxiety, and stress that anxiety should be studied
as a certain kind of relation or interaction between the subject and her stimuli. Then a challenge-and-response model of normal
anxiety of its cognitive components is established, which sorts anxiety into heteronomous one and autonomic one, and supposes
that heteronomous anxiety includes two dimensions: the fall between the level of external challenge and the level of self
challenge, and the importance of the external challenge. Some related evidences for the preceding hypothesis are examined,
and then compared with related models. Finally, based on the model, a valid coping strategy of anxiety was put forward, from
which the mechanism of normal coping style of anxiety in daily life can be well understood. 相似文献
120.