论俄罗斯主体心理学的心理发展观

主体心理学是俄罗斯心理学发展的新方向。在个体心理发展方面,俄罗斯主体心理学认为,主体积极性是影响心理发展的第三因素;主体与客体的相互作用是心理发展的机制,其中主体起主要作用;根据主体性发展的水平可以把心理的发展划分为9个阶段。文章认为俊罗斯主体心理学的心理发展观具有一定的积极意义。     

中文笔迹分析研究进展

对中文笔迹分析研究进展的探讨有利于该学科的进一步发展。本文简要回顾了笔迹分析的概念和可行性,重点从笔迹与人格、笔迹与性别等方面介绍了中文笔迹分析的实证研究。最后,讨论了以往研究中存在的问题,并指出进一步研究的方向。     

航线飞行安全文化特征评价方法的因素分析研究

本研究采用航线飞行管理态度调查量表（FMAQ2．0,国际版）,旨在通过对中国航线飞行员试用结果的分析考察FMAQ2．0的因素结构及其在评价中国航线飞行安全文化特征的有效性。本量表主要由基本工作态度、飞行管理态度、自动化驾驶态度三个分量表所构成。在对来自国内四大骨干航空公司174名航线飞行员测试结果进行因素分析的基础上,分别提取出了组织信任度、工作满意度、交流协作、权力梯度、风险意识、自动化依赖和自动化认识等七个表征现代航线色行安全文化特征的主因素。研究结果初步表明,FMAQ2.0具有良好的信度和效度,符合心理测量学标准,能够作为评价和分析航线飞行安全文化特征的工具。     

家中游戏情境对父婴交流行为的影响

采用录像手段,考察真实的家庭环境中,自由游戏和完成任务游戏情境对16对父婴交流行为的影响。研究结果表明：父亲表现出高控制的交流行为,以行动指令和信息祈求①为主,孩子则以顺从行为为主。游戏情境对父亲的部分交流行为有明显影响,父亲在自由游戏中的信息祈求行为①比在任务游戏中多,断言行为②比在任务游戏中少。总体上,父亲根据游戏情境调整自己的交流行为,婴儿也表现出相应的适应性行为。     

将医学人文课程的教学目标落到实处

教学目标是教学的统帅和灵魂,具有导向、评价、调节、激励等多方面的功能。医学人文素质教育之所以处地乏力状态,很大程度上是没有将医学人文课程的教学目标落到实处。为改变医学人文课程教学乏力的状态,提高教学效果,有必要加强教学目标、教学内容、教学策略、教学资源、教学评价几方面的工作,将医学人文课程的教学目标落到实处。     

“神医”之谜

一、神医真神神医之“神”由不得你不信,只举两个例子佐证。其一,是几年前媒体持批判态度披露的神功治疗肿瘤。介绍一位年过花甲的老先生,某一天感觉胸部疼痛,经医院X光诊查,发现胸部有一肿块。这位老先生家庭经济条件欠佳,怕负担不起就医的高额费用,恰逢当时的特异功能热和各种功法的狂潮泛滥,便交些费用参加了当时名头颇响的大师张宏堡举办的功法学习班,期望靠神功治好自己的病。大师要老先生在他的指导下接功,就见大师挥臂,老先生跺脚,双边互动,齐声呼喝“走.走”。接功后,老先生就觉肿瘤消失,疼痛也减轻了。其二,是笔者的一位女性乡邻…     

人类非逻辑思维辨析

按照皮亚杰的观点,成人的思维发展已达到“形式运算”的阶段,能够依据形式逻辑规则进行抽象的合乎逻辑的判断和推理。从此以后,根据逻辑的标准判断人类的推理是否是理性的就自然而然被接受了。然而最近的一些研究发现,人类在现实生活中并不完全遵照形式逻辑的规则来思维,在许多时候都表现出非逻辑的一面,似乎有另一种大家公认的“心理逻辑”。但是,非逻辑并不意味着非理性,从生态学的角度说,很多时候心理逻辑具有理性的一面。     

The impact of traditionality/modernity on identification‐ and calculus‐based trust

We conducted three studies to explore how trust is perceived, displayed or changed by participants in China, which as a country has undergone substantial cultural and historical transition. Traditionality showed a significant positive correlation with identification‐based trust (IBT) and modernity was significantly associated with calculus‐based trust (CBT; Study 1). Compared to those primed with modern Chinese culture stimuli, participants primed with traditional icons exhibited a higher level of IBT and a lower level of CBT (Study 2). The study further demonstrated more trust behaviour based on identification with traditional culture priming and more trust behaviour based on calculus when primed with modern culture (Study 3). In sum, the present findings suggest that, along with substantial social changes and economic development, people exhibit their trust differently depending on cultural context, shedding light on the trust crisis in contemporary China.     

Evaluating Factorial Invariance: An Interval Estimation Approach Using Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

In this study, we introduce an interval estimation approach based on Bayesian structural equation modeling to evaluate factorial invariance. For each tested parameter, the size of noninvariance with an uncertainty interval (i.e. highest density interval [HDI]) is assessed via Bayesian parameter estimation. By comparing the most credible values (i.e. 95% HDI) with a region of practical equivalence (ROPE), the Bayesian approach allows researchers to (1) support the null hypothesis of practical invariance, and (2) examine the practical importance of the noninvariant parameter. Compared to the traditional likelihood ratio test, simulation results suggested that the proposed Bayesian approach could offer additional insight into evaluating factorial invariance, thus, leading to more informative conclusions. We provide an empirical example to demonstrate the procedures necessary to implement the proposed method in applied research. The importance of and influences on the choice of an appropriate ROPE are discussed.     

Chinese subject-relative clauses are more difficult to process than the object-relative clauses

This paper presents an experiment that compared high and low working memory span readers' abilities to process Chinese subject-relative and object-relative clause structures in a self-paced reading paradigm. Comprehension performance results indicated that the object-relative structure was easier to understand than the subject-relative structure. Reading time results showed that participants with low working memory span read the subject-relative structures more slowly than the object-relative structures, but there was no reading time difference for the high working memory span participants. The experiment provides further evidence that the Chinese subject-relative clause structure is more difficult to process than the Chinese object-relative clause structure, especially for low working memory span individuals. Furthermore, these results support a syntactic storage account of the observed complexity difference.