各种传统医学在高血压治疗中的应用

高血压痛作为最常见的慢性病,其并发症具有较高的致残率及致死率。本文综述近年来各种传统医学在高血压病治疗中的应用,包括传统中医对高血压痛的病因机的阐述,应用中药内服、外服、针灸等临床效果观察,蒙医辨证分型论治高血压病;藏医对高血压病的认识及临床采用的金针疗法治疗高血压病;壮医特色壮药内服,壮医药线点灸刺血疗法对高血压病的临床疗效评价。以此说明传统医药治疗方法对改善高血压病症状较明显,其治疗手段多样,副作用较小,降压效果平稳持久,有效减少并发症的优势。     

情境模型的更新：事件框架依赖假设的进一步证据

采用多指标探测范式, 从客体信息以及活动信息的角度出发, 考察事件框架内外时间、空间转换对情境模型更新的影响。结果发现：在事件框架内, 维度转换并不是情境模型更新的充分条件, 时间转换与终止的活动信息相结合引起情境模型的快速更新, 而空间转换与移除的客体信息相结合引起情境模型的快速更新; 在事件框架外, 维度转换是情境模型更新的充分条件, 维度转换会引起情境模型的更新。研究丰富了事件框架依赖假设。     

The Relationships Between Family Financial Stress,Mental Health Problems,Child Rearing Practice,and School Involvement Among Taiwanese Parents with School-Aged Children

This study examined the relationships between family financial stress, mental health problems, child rearing practice, and school involvement using a sample of 431 parents with children in grades 1–4 from one elementary school in a rural area of Taiwan. Financial stress was hypothesized to be associated with parental mental health problems, which in turn were expected to be linked to poorer child rearing practice and less parental involvement in school. Structural equation models were constructed and tested in a stepwise manner. Results showed that financial stress was significantly associated with higher mental health problems, poorer child rearing effort, and decreased parental school involvement while parents’ mental health problems were not significantly associated with their child rearing efforts or involvement in school. These findings suggest that the impact of family financial stress on Taiwanese parents’ child rearing practice is largely direct rather than mediated through their mental health problems.     

同伴侵害与青少年抑郁:社会退缩的中介作用与师生关系的调节作用

研究表明同伴侵害是青少年抑郁的重要风险因素,然而其中介机制和调节机制仍有待进一步探究。本研究采用问卷法对834名青少年进行调查,考察了社会退缩在同伴侵害与青少年抑郁关系中的中介作用,以及师生关系在这一关系中的调节作用。结果发现：（1）社会退缩显著中介同伴侵害与青少年抑郁的关系;（2）师生关系显著调节中介路径“同伴侵害→社会退缩→青少年抑郁”,具体而言,相较于高水平师生关系的青少年群体而言,同伴侵害通过社会退缩影响抑郁的中介效应在低水平师生关系的青少年群体中更高。     

EAST ASIA AND HUMAN KNOWLEDGE—A PERSONAL QUEST

This essay is a reflection on the ways we understand East Asia, as well as how East Asia is related to our knowledge construction. In spite of the personal tone, which I use strategically to formulate arguments in a carefully designed narrative flow, the article remains critical throughout and its conclusion is clear: exploration of the essence of East Asian civilization can constitute a meaningful effort to reevaluate and even restructure our current world of knowledge.     

自我控制对欺骗的影响

自我控制是欺骗识别中一种重要的动机线索。但无论是在识别欺骗中, 自我控制扮演的动机线索角色, 还是在欺骗行为中, 自我控制扮演的监管机制的角色, 其认知机制和神经基础还不完全清楚。自我控制能力与自我控制资源对欺骗的影响也是不一样的, 而这些影响的神经基础也还没有完全破解。因此, 有必要结合行为、事件相关电位(ERP)及功能性磁共振(fMRI)等多种技术手段来考察识别欺骗和欺骗行为中自我控制能力和自我控制资源在欺骗中的作用及其心理机制。旨在探求在识别欺骗中是识别他人自我控制能力, 还是识别他人自我控制资源在起主要作用; 欺骗行为中是自我控制能力, 还是自我控制资源在起主要作用; 自我控制资源对欺骗行为的影响是符合能量耗竭观, 还是符合能量保存观。     

How is a Phenomenological Reflection-Model of Self-Consciousness Possible? A Husserlian Response to E. Tugendhat’s Semantic Approach to Self-Consciousness

The problem of self-consciousness has been an essential one for philosophy since the onset of modernity. Both E. Tugendhat and the Heidelberg School represented by D. Henrich have reflected critically upon the traditional theory of self-consciousness, and both have revealed the circular dilemma of the “reflection-model” adopted by the traditional theory. In order to avoid the dilemma, they both proposed substitute formulas, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Husserl also paid particular attention to the traditional theory of self-consciousness in his phenomenology. Through the distinctions of “primal consciousness” and “reflection,” Husserl explored the core problem of the traditional theory of self-consciousness in two different dimensions. In his critique, Husserl clarified the founding relation between primal consciousness and reflection, and in contrast to Tugendhat’s semantic approach, he developed a new reflection-model of self-consciousness which effectively avoids the circular dilemma of the traditional theory and does not narrow the problem domain of that theory.     

高血压脑出血微创治疗及手术时机的决策探讨

为了比较幕上高血压脑出血传统开颅与微创治疗的效果及其并发症,并对其手术时机进行探讨,对30例传统开颅组和104例微创治疗组进行对比研究.结果显示,术后6个月微创治疗组致残率及肺部感染发生率较传统开颅组明显为低(P<0.05);早期(8h～24h)手术死亡率较超早期(<8h)明显为低(P<0.05).因此,微创治疗能够有效降低高血压脑出血患者的致残率和术后并发症的发生率,其手术时机适宜选择在早期.     

医患沟通技能的培养及意义

医疗过程不应被看作是单一的技术过程,需要关注医学技术以外的诸多因素,医患沟通就是其中一个很重要的方面.讨论了培养医患沟通技能的意义在于增加病人满意度、提高依从性、提高临床疗效与工作效率、减少纠纷等,并介绍了医患沟通过程中的主要技巧,以期对临床医患沟通教育起到积极作用.     

Spoken word recognition in context: evidence from Chinese ERP analyses

Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were conducted to investigate spoken word recognition in Chinese and the effect of contextual constraints on this process. In Experiment 1, three kinds of incongruous words were formed by altering the first, second or both syllables of the congruous disyllabic terminal words in high constraint spoken sentences. Results showed an increase of N400 amplitude in all three incongruous word conditions and a delayed N400 effect in the cohort incongruous condition as compared with the rhyme incongruous and plain incongruous condition. In addition, unlike results in English, we found that the N400 effect in the rhyme incongruous condition disappeared earlier than in the plain incongruous condition. In Experiment 2, three kinds of nonwords derived from sentence congruous words were constructed by altering few or many phonetic features of the onset or the whole of the first syllable, and the resulting nonwords appeared as disyllabic terminal forms in either high or low constraint sentences. All three nonword conditions elicited the N400 component. In addition, in high constraint sentences but not in low, the amplitude and duration of the N400 varied as a function of the degree of phonetic mismatch between the terminal nonword and the expected congruous word.