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51.
We examined the longitudinal stability of measures of negative peer status and aggressive-disruptive behavior in preschool boys. Subjects were 53 white 4- to 5- year- old boys from low-income family backgrounds. Peer sociometric measures of rejection and behavioral deviance were assessed in the fall and spring of the preschool year. Complementary measures were also obtained from teachers at both assessment points. Half of the boys designated as rejected on the basis of peer nominations maintained this status at the end of the preschool year. Teachers and peers did not agree on their selections of socially rejected children, but had good agreement concerning the identification of children with externalizing-type behavior problems. Finally, teacher and peer classifications of aggressive-disruptive children were highly stable throughout the preschool year. These findings indicate that peer-rejected children can be identified at very young ages, and that preschoolers can be reliable informants about the social maladjustment of peers.We thank the Head Start children, parents and staff who participated, and Karen Lifgren for her help with data collection. 相似文献
52.
This research explores the work perceptions, both physical and mental, of women. The research finds that women's perceptions of waged and nonwaged labor differ greatly depending on the work environment. Perceptions of physical demands of waged labor are almost solely dependent on the type of paid labor women engage in. For homeworkers, perceptions of physical labor are influenced primarily by the number of hours invested in housework. The mental demands of waged and nonwaged labor are also perceived differently. Women in the waged economy report significantly higher mental demands than do homeworkers. This too varies across labor segments. The closest parallel between physical and mental demand perceptions is between homeworkers and women in the service sector of the waged economy. Overall the assumption that women perceive their work roles in the waged market and the home market similarly is negated. 相似文献
53.
Sheryl Kataoka Audra Langley Bradley Stein Lisa Jaycox Lily Zhang Norma Sanchez Marleen Wong 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):334-341
Although Latinos have been a rapidly growing population in the US, little is known about how mental health symptoms may present
in Latino children especially in the context of those living in poverty and exposed to violence. We explored the level of
violence exposure and trauma symptoms in Latino youth and the relationship of these factors with English language fluency.
During 2000–2002, 1,601, Latino students from seven middle schools participated in a school-based screening to identify students
with exposure to community violence and symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The students completed a self-report
instrument, in either Spanish or English, that combined a modified version of the Life Events Scale and the Child PTSD Symptom
Scale (CPSS). Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression models showed that youth with higher English language fluency
reported greater violence exposure and PTSD symptoms than those with lower fluency. No difference was found in functioning
by English language fluency. English language fluency appears to be related to violence exposure and PTSD symptoms in these
Latino youth. We discuss the importance of school-based programs especially designed to serve Latino students of varying English
language fluency. 相似文献
54.
Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jordana K. Bayer Ann V. Sanson Sheryl A. Hemphill 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2006,27(6):542-559
Children's internalizing problems are a concerning mental health issue, due to significant prevalence and continuity over time. This study tested a multivariate model predicting young children's internalizing behaviors from parenting practices, parents' anxiety–depression and family stressors. A community sample of 2 year old children (N = 112) was followed longitudinally to 4 years. Parents completed questionnaires and playroom observations provided independent measures of parenting and child variables. Predictors of early childhood internalizing difficulties were over-involved/protective parenting, low warm-engaged parenting, and parental anxiety–depression. Family life-stress and parental anxiety–depression also predicted problematic parenting practices. These findings were discussed within the context of the design of early childhood parenting programs to prevent anxiety and depression in children. 相似文献
55.
Consequences of ‘tiger’ parenting: a cross‐cultural study of maternal psychological control and children's cortisol stress response 下载免费PDF全文
Stacey N. Doan Twila Tardif Alison Miller Sheryl Olson Daniel Kessler Barbara Felt Li Wang 《Developmental science》2017,20(3)
Parenting strategies involving psychological control are associated with increased adjustment problems in children. However, no research has examined the extent to which culture and psychological control predict children's stress physiology. We examine cultural differences in maternal psychological control and its associations with children's cortisol. Chinese (N = 59) and American (N = 45) mother‐child dyads participated in the study. Mothers reported on psychological control. Children's cortisol was collected during a stressor and two indices of Area Under the Curve (AUC) were computed: AUCg which accounts for total output, and AUCi, which captures reactivity. Results indicate that Chinese mothers reported higher levels of psychological control and Chinese children had higher levels of AUCg than their American counterparts. Across both cultures, psychological control was significantly associated with increased cortisol levels as indexed by AUCg. There were no associations for AUCi. Finally, mediation analyses demonstrated that psychological control fully explained cultural differences in children's cortisol stress response as indexed by AUCg. 相似文献
56.
Barbara Pesut Sheryl Reimer-Kirkham Richard Sawatzky Gloria Woodland Perry Peverall 《Journal of religion and health》2012,51(3):825-836
The chaplain’s role in health care services has changed profoundly within the contexts of managerial and fiscal constraints, and increasingly pluralistic and secularized societies. Drawing from a larger study that examined religious and spiritual plurality in health care, we present findings regarding the contributions of chaplains or spiritual care providers (SCPs) as they are referred to more recently, in Canadian institutional health care contexts. Qualitative analyses of interviews with 14 employed SCPs and 7 volunteers provided insights about legitimizing and crafting the role of SPCs, becoming part of the health care team, and brokering diversity. Implications are discussed in relation to role clarification and policy development for truly hospitable health care. 相似文献
57.
My Disaster Recovery: a pilot randomized controlled trial of an Internet intervention 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This pilot study tested the efficacy of the My Disaster Recovery (MDR) website to decrease negative affect and increase coping self-efficacy. Fifty-six survivors of Hurricane Ike were recruited from a larger study being conducted at the University of Texas Medical Branch at the first anniversary of the storm. Restricted randomization was used to assign participants to the MDR website, an information-only website, or a usual care condition. Group×time interactions indicated that MDR reduced participant worry more than the other conditions. A similar trend was also identified for depression. Both websites were accessed a small to moderate amount and participants reported mixed satisfaction for both websites. Although the effect sizes for worry and depression were in the moderate to large range, small sample size and timing of the intervention qualify the findings. These preliminary findings encourage further evaluation of MDR with a larger, demographically diverse sample and indicate that the MDR website might be helpful in reducing worry and depression. 相似文献
58.
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Mordecai Kaffman MD Esther Elizur PhD Sheryl Shoham MA Nina Gilead-Roelofs MA Leah Shefatya MA 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1989,11(3):189-211
About two-thirds of a representative sample of kibbutz divorced subjects reached a satisfactory emotional and functioning level of adjustment with a high degree of cooperation between the exspouses by the second postseparation year. This outcome appears to be positively influenced both by a process of habituation and desensitization determined by the continuous physical proximity of the former spouses and by the neutralization of parenting and economic issues as subjects for dispute and litigation. 相似文献