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361.
Katherine McComas Leah Simone Tuite Leah Waks Linda Ann Sherman 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(5):905-927
Research on procedural justice shows that when people view procedures as fair, they are more satisfied with the process and accepting of the outcomes. The group value model, in particular, argues that people care about procedural justice because it communicates whether those in charge are neutral, trustworthy, and respectful of people's rights. This study tested the group value model using survey data from people attending U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory committee meetings. The results confirmed a strong role for procedural justice, even when controlling for procedural knowledge, tolerance for potential conflicts of interest among committee members, and respondents' stakes in the outcomes. [T]o seem to be just to the disappointed participant, to retain his allegiance, this must surely be one of the more difficult tests that a decision‐making system can undergo ( Thibaut & Walker, 1975 , p. 68). 相似文献
362.
363.
Sherman SL Allen EG Bean LH Freeman SB 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(3):221-227
Down syndrome (DS) is the most commonly identified genetic form of mental retardation and the leading cause of specific birth defects and medical conditions. Traditional epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence, cause, and clinical significance of the syndrome have been conducted over the last 100 years. DS has been estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 732 infants in the United States, although there is some evidence that variability in prevalence of estimates exist among racial/ethnic groups. Progress has been made in characterizing the specific types of chromosome errors that lead to DS and in identifying associated factors that increase the risk of chromosome 21 malsegregation, i.e., advanced maternal age and recombination. Studies to examine the variability of the presence of specific DS-associated birth defects and medical conditions provide evidence for genetic and environmental modifiers. Here, we provide a brief survey of studies that address the current state of the field and suggest gaps in research that can soon be filled with new multidisciplinary approaches and technological advances. 相似文献
364.
Sherman AC Mosier J Leszcz M Burlingame GM Ulman KH Cleary T Simonton S Latif U Hazelton L Strauss B 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2004,54(1):29-82
Group interventions for individuals facing cancer or HIV disease have drawn considerable attention among researchers and clinicians over the past 20 years. There is growing evidence that group services may be helpful, but which interventions are most effective for participants at which phases in the trajectory of disease has been less clear. Moreover, professionals working in different intervention settings (e.g., primary prevention vs. clinical care) and different disease sites (cancer vs. HIV disease) often have little awareness of relevant advances in other fields. Efforts to integrate findings in the literature may accelerate research and advance the standard of clinical care. The current article, the first in a series of four special reports, critically evaluates the efficacy of group interventions led by professional or trained facilitators for individuals confronted by cancer or HIV, across the spectrum of illness from elevated risk through advanced disease. We examine psychosocial and functional outcomes for different interventions directed toward different patient subgroups, trace common themes, highlight limitations, and offer recommendations for further research. 相似文献
365.
Sherman AC Leszcz M Mosier J Burlingame GM Cleary T Ulman KH Simonton S Latif U Strauss B Hazelton L 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2004,54(2):203-233
There has been great interest in the potential impact of group interventions on medical outcomes. This article reviews the effects of professionally-led groups on immune activity, neuroendocrine function, and survival among patients with cancer or HIV disease. We examine findings concerning different types of group services at different phases of illness. Results are mixed, but the most prominent changes in immune and endocrine activity were associated with structured group interventions for patients with early-stage disease. These findings offer provocative illustrations of relevant mind-body interactions, but their clinical importance has yet to be demonstrated empirically. Group interventions have not been tied consistently to improved survival rates for patients with advanced cancer; few studies as yet have focused on survival outcomes among patients with early-stage cancer or HIV disease. 相似文献
366.
Sherman AC Mosier J Leszcz M Burlingame GM Ulman KH Cleary T Simonton S Latif U Hazelton L Strauss B 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2004,54(3):347-387
Growing evidence supports the value of group interventions for individuals who are at risk for or have developed cancer or HIV disease. However, information is more limited concerning how these services can be delivered in an optimal manner, and what processes contribute to their benefits. Parts I and II of this review examined the efficacy of different interventions for individuals at different phases of illness, ranging from primary prevention to late-stage disease, in both psychosocial and biological domains. The current paper examines some of the factors other than phase of illness that might influence group treatment effects (e.g., intervention parameters, participant characteristics), and explores mechanisms of action. 相似文献
367.
Gary?G.?FordEmail author Jennifer?J.?Ewing Angela?M.?Ford Nikki?L.?Ferguson Wendy?Y.?Sherman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2004,23(2):147-160
College students(n = 162) completed measures of death anxiety and sexual risk-taking, with a thought listing procedure in-between. Those who completed
the death anxiety measure first (Death Salient condition) reportedgreater willingness to engage in high-risk sexual behavior than the Non-Death Salient group. This result was consistent with the
hypothesis that evoking death anxiety would produce denial-based defensive activity. Also, Death Salient participants reporting
more death thoughts were lower on risk-taking, as predicted. Interestingly, Death Salient participants reporting stressful
thoughts about issues unrelated to personal mortality (displacement) were also less willing to engage in high-risk sexual
behavior. The results are discussed in relation to a new, avowal-based model of the process of psychological defense. 相似文献
368.
369.
Luigi?CastelliEmail author Alexia?Zecchini Leyla?Deamicis Steven?J.?Sherman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2005,24(2):134-146
Previous research demonstrated that perceivers explicitly condemn ingroup members who use racial stereotypes but that they
are implicitly more likely to favor those ingroup members rather than ingroup members who do not use racial stereotypes (Castelli
et al., 2001). The present study has two main goals. First, we want to investigate whether the same effects can be detected
in the domain of ageism. In particular, we predicted that young adults would implicitly but not explicitly favor a young male
who describes an old man in a stereotype-consistent way rather than in a stereotypeinconsistent way. Most importantly, we
hypothesized that this tendency is related to participants’ prejudice level as assessed through an implicit measure (IAT,
Greenwald et al., 1998), so that high prejudice individuals will implicitly favor stereotypere and derogate ingroup members
who use stereotype-inconsistent information. Results provide general support for the hypotheses, and their implications for
stereotype maintenance and change are discussed.
Preparation of this paper was supported by a research grant from the University of Padova to the first author (CPDG018859). 相似文献
370.
Why do people make judgments that favor their groups, attributing outcomes to internal factors to a greater extent when their group succeeds than when their group fails? The present research demonstrates that group-serving judgments serve a self-protective function. In Study 1, participants in team sports competitions made more internal team attributions after experiencing victory than defeat; this group-serving bias was eliminated among those who completed an affirmation of personal values. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and found that affirmed people were less likely to use their self-judgments as an anchor for judgments about the group. Study 2 also found that self-affirmation secured feelings of being a worthy group member, and this was associated with the reduction of group-serving judgments. The present research examines the motivational factors that promote, reduce, link, and separate self-serving and group-serving judgments. 相似文献