汉语语音的语义作用研究

本研究采用语音中介语义启动的实验任务,考察了语音表征在语义激活中的作用。实验一发现,在频率较高的词的加工中没有发现语音中介语义启动效应;在频率较低的词的加工中得到了语音中介语义启动效应,但是这种中介启动效应与直接的语义启动效应有显著差异。实验二进一步考察了当声旁读音与整字语音一致时,整字语音在语义通达中的作用,结果发现:不论是高频字还是低频字,语音中介启动对目标词的加工都有促进效应,并且高频条件下,语音中介启动效应与直接的语义启动效应没有显著差异。     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》自我分量表的编制

理论上建构了心理健康素质自我结构模型,依此模型编制了心理健康素质自我量表。以武汉市的青少年为样本(N=390),初步获得信度与效度指标。自我认知、自我评价和自我调控3个二级结构的α系数分别为0.81、0.76和0.59。验证性因素分析的结果初步支持本研究所提出的自我的三级结构模型。     

不同指导语对成本-收益结构条件推理的影响

该研究以社会契约问题为研究材料,对217名在校大学生进行了调查研究,旨在考查不同指导语对成本-收益结构条件推理作业成绩的影响,结果表明:(1)社会契约主效应显著,标准社会契约作业成绩好于转换社会契约;(2)不同指导语的主效应显著,证伪指导语更易于激活"辨别欺骗者程序";(3)成本-收益结构条件推理任务能有效激活"辨别欺骗者程序",以找出潜在的欺骗者。     

声旁家族大小和高频同声旁字对汉字命名的影响

该研究探讨了声旁家族大小和高频同声旁字对汉字命名的影响。结果表明：1）声旁家族大起抑制作用,在不一致字上更明显;2）相对于高频同音邻近字,高频异音邻近字对低频字起抑制作用;3）汉字命名中字形相近字的作用点有两个,分别在字形表征水平和语音表征水平。     

一个用于表达因果关系的ATL的扩展

CTL模型检测技术已被广泛应用于形式验证领域。交互时态逻辑（ATL）是对CTL的一个扩展,用于表达多主体博弈结构上的性质。ATL使用合作算子来表达多个主体能够通过合作保证系统的设计目标。在实际应用中,我们需要知道主体的行动与系统的输出状态之间具有因果关系。在本文中,我们通过引入新的模态算子扩展ATL,使得这种因果关系得到表达。我们使用两种方式的扩展。其中之一是从主体的能力出发,直观上,如果一些主体可以通过合作的行动来保证系统进入某个状态,同时,这些主体也可以通过合作的行动保证系统不进入这个状态,则这些主体的行动与该系统状态间具有更强的因果关系。我们使用的另一种方式是从系统状态出发。我们考虑要想使系统进入某状态,哪些主体的行动的必不可少的,哪些主体的行动是充分的但非必要的条件。在本文中,我们扩展后的逻辑CATL和SATL表达力强于ATL,但计算复杂性与ATL相同。     

Relationships between Involvement in School Bullying and Quality of Life in Taiwanese Adolescents

This study aimed to examine the associations between involvement in bullying and perceived quality of life (QOL) among adolescents in Taiwan. A total of 5488 students whose grade ranged from 7 to 12 participated in this study. Their experiences of victimization by and perpetration of verbal, relational, and physical bullying (including the snatching of belongings) were assessed through using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. The level of perceived QOL was assessed using the Taiwanese Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents (TQOLA). The associations between involvement in bullying and QOL were examined using multiple regression analysis. After controlling for the effects of sex, age, and depression, victimization by verbal and relationship bullying was negatively associated with QOL on all subscales of the TQOLA except for the Family subscale. Victimization by physical bullying and the snatching of belongings was negatively associated with QOL on the Social Relationships and Pain subscales. Perpetration of verbal and relationship bullying was negatively associated with QOL on the Family, Psychological Wellbeing, and Pain subscales, but positively associated with QOL on the Social Relationships subscale. Perpetration of physical bullying and snatching of belongings was negatively associated with QOL on the Residential Environment and Personal Competence subscales, but positively associated with QOL on the Psychological Wellbeing and Pain subscales. The directions of associations between bullying involvement and QOL in adolescents vary according to the types of bullying involvement and the dimensions of QOL. The results may serve as the basis on which mental health and educational professionals can develop comprehensive need-assessment and resource-allocation strategies for adolescents who have been involved in bullying.     

Strategic and automatic effects of visual working memory on attention in visual search

Previous research indicates that visual attention can be automatically captured by sensory inputs that match the contents of visual working memory. However, Woodman and Luck (2007) showed that information in working memory can be used flexibly as a template for either selection or rejection according to task demands. We report two experiments that extend their work. Participants performed a visual search task while maintaining items in visual working memory. Memory items were presented for either a short or long exposure duration immediately prior to the search task. Memory was tested by a change-detection task immediately afterwards. On a random half of trials items in memory matched either one distractor in the search task (Experiment 1) or three (Experiment 2). The main result was that matching distractors speeded or slowed target detection depending on whether memory items were presented for a long or short duration. These effects were more in evidence with three matching distractors than one. We conclude that the influence of visual working memory on visual search is indeed flexible but is not solely a function of task demands. Our results suggest that attentional capture by perceptual inputs matching information in visual working memory involves a fast automatic process that can be overridden by a slower top-down process of attentional avoidance.     

Measurement Equivalence/Invariance of the Abusive Supervision Measure Across Workers From Taiwan and the United States

Growing international research interest in negative-leadership behaviors prompts the need to examine whether measures of ineffective leadership developed in the United States are equivalent across countries outside the United States. B. J. Tepper's (2000) abusive supervision measure has been used widely inside and outside the United States and merits research attention on its construct equivalence across different cultural settings. The authors conducted a series of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the measurement equivalence of this measure across Taiwan (N = 256) and the United States (N = 389). Configural invariance was established, suggesting that both U.S. and Taiwanese samples perceive abusive supervision as a single-factor concept. Furthermore, the establishment of partial metric invariance and partial scalar invariance suggests that the abusive supervision measure is applicable to crosscultural comparisons in latent means, construct variance, construct covariances, and unstandardized path coefficients with the caution that workers from different cultures calibrate their responses differently when answering some items.     

Emerging Practices of Counseling and Psychotherapy in China: Ethical Dilemmas in Dual Relationships

A qualitative study was conducted with 48 Chinese counselors and psychotherapists who were interviewed in 2006 and an independent sample of 50 participants who responded to a survey in 2014. This study aims to explore how the new emerging expansion of mental health practice is related to issues and challenges of dual role relationship and how the well-engrained values and social characteristics of Chinese culture influences perceptions and resolution of ethical dilemmas. The participants identified similar dual relationships in 2006 and 2014: (a) Incidental boundary crossings, a sexual or romantic relationship, a dual social relationship, and a professional dual relationship were the most frequently reported types of dual relationships encountered by Chinese practitioners, and (b) the socioeconomic and cultural context and the development trajectory of counseling and psychotherapy in China play a significant role in shaping practitioners’ behaviors. The comparison of the data in 2006 and 2014 indicated that practitioners in psychotherapy and counseling have an improved awareness and understanding of ethical issues, evidenced by the decreasing cases of romantic and sexual relationships and increasing cases of social dual relationships influenced by the interrelatedness of traditional Chinese culture.