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571.
The present study examined the impact of thin-ideal media exposure on Chinese women’s drive for thinness, attitudes towards body shape, and eating attitude. Women were assigned to one of two video conditions, which portrayed the thin-ideal (experimental) or was neutral (control group), in terms of content. A total of 83 young women from Hong Kong (N = 38) and Shanghai (N = 45), aged between 18 and 25 years (Mage = 22.7) participated in the study. A significant interaction was observed between the experimental video condition and location. Hong Kong women in the experimental group experienced greater levels of body dissatisfaction than Shanghai women exposed to the same condition. Exposure to thin-ideal media produced an increase in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and problematic eating attitudes regardless of location, with a greater immediate impact shown in Hong Kong women. 相似文献
572.
573.
37 subjects' facial electromyographic activity at the corrugator and zygomatic muscle regions were recorded while they were posing with happy and sad facial expressions. Analysis showed that the mean value of EMG activity at the left zygomatic muscle region was the highest, followed by the right zygomatic, left corrugator, and right corrugator muscle regions, while a happy facial expression was posed. The mean value of EMG activity at the left corrugator muscle region was the highest, followed by those for the right corrugator, left zygomatic, and right zygomatic muscle regions while a sad facial expression was posed. Further analysis indicated that the power of facial EMG activity on the left side of the face was stronger than on the right side of the face while posing both happy and sad expressions. 相似文献
574.
This study examined the role of retrieval context in implicit priming by manipulating percentage of word-stem index as shallow and deep processing while performing a word-stem completion task. 80 subjects were randomly divided into four groups each of 20 subjects: shallow processing or deep processing with few retrieval indices, and shallow processing or deep processing with many retrieval indices. Analysis indicated that proportion of word-stem completion was significantly higher for studied words than for nonstudied words in all four groups and that the subjects in the groups with many retrieval indices had a significantly increased proportion of word-stem completion between studied and nonstudied words than those in the groups with few retrieval indices. Postquestionnaire analysis indicated that more previously studied items were retrieved if many studied items were available during implicit word-stem completion and that only a small proportion of word-stem completion was finished with studied words by the subjects who were aware of the prior studied and test word relations in all four groups. It was concluded that having more studied words retrievable contributed to more being retrieved and that involuntary awareness had very limited influence on the priming in the implicit word-stem completion. 相似文献
575.
The purpose was to analyze a large-scale database, a national sample of 1108 heads of households collected by AT&T, to show that behavioral frequencies of the activities of consumer diary panelists may regress toward the population mean during the diary-keeping period given social desirability bias produced by the conditioning effect of keeping diaries. This effect is distinguished from regression toward the mean, a statistical phenomenon reflecting happenstance of extreme initial values. Social desirability bias is demonstrated in two ways-by observing decreasing coefficients of variation over time and by detecting a greater proportion of panelists' behavioral frequencies moving toward the population mean than moving away from it. Both cannot be explained by regression toward the mean. Social desirability bias was manifest only during the early stages of the diary-keeping period and only for activities high in involvement. The presence of social desirability bias in diary panels implies that, when people are subjected to observation, diary observations may be contaminated, leading to the mistaken impression that the population is more homogeneous than it actually is. Thus it is important for researchers to monitor the diary panel carefully to detect social desirability bias when engaged in longitudinal studies. 相似文献
576.
This study explored the relationships among personality, leisure involvement, leisure satisfaction and happiness in a representative
sample of Chinese university students (n = 423). We found that (1) extraversion significantly correlated with almost all kinds of leisure involvement, but neuroticism
did not correlate with leisure activities at all; (2) extraversion significantly positively correlated with leisure satisfaction
while neuroticism significantly negatively correlated with leisure satisfaction; and (3) while extraversion and neuroticism
were significant predictors of happiness, leisure satisfaction had its incremental effects after those of personality traits
and other domain satisfaction were controlled. Implications of these findings for developing a Chinese psychology of leisure
were discussed. 相似文献
577.
Hu X 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2001,45(4):603-634
General processing tree (GPT) models are usually used to analyze categorical data collected in psychological experiments. Such models assume functional relations between probabilities of the observed behavior categories and the unobservable choice probabilities involved in a cognitive task. This paper extends GPT models for categorical data to the analysis of continuous data in a class of response time (RT) experiments in cognitive psychology. Suppose that a cognitive task involves several discrete processing stages and both accuracy (categorical) and latency (continuous) measures are obtained for each of the response categories. Furthermore, suppose that the task can be modeled by a GPT model that assumes serialization among the stages. The observed latencies of the response categories are functions of the choice probabilities and processing times (PT) at each of the processing stages. The functional relations are determined by the processing structure of the task. A general framework is presented and it is applied to a set of data obtained from a source monitoring experiment. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
578.
579.
Learning through repetition is a fundamental form and also an effective method of language learning critical for achieving
proficient and automatic language use. Massive repetition priming as a common research paradigm taps into the dynamic processes
involved in repetition learning. Research with this paradigm has so far used only emotionally neutral materials and ignored
emotional factors, which seems inappropriate given the well-documented impact of emotion on cognitive processing. The present
study used massive repetition priming to investigate whether the emotional valence of learning materials affects implicit
language learning. Participants read a list of Chinese words and made speeded perceptual judgments about the spatial configuration
of the two characters in a word. Each word was repeated 15 times in the whole learning session. There were three types of
words, negative, positive, or neutral in their emotional valence, presented in separate blocks. Although similar levels of
asymptotic performance were reached for different valence conditions showing comparable total effects of learning, learning
of the positive words was found to be associated with fewer plateaus of shorter durations and to reach saturation earlier,
compared with neutral and negative words. The results showed for the first time that the emotional valence of learning materials
has significant effects on the time course of learning so that positive materials are learned faster and more efficiently,
relative to negative and neutral materials. The study indicates the importance to explicitly consider the role of emotional
factors in implicit language learning research. 相似文献
580.