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471.
Cognitive load theorists have only recently begun to test the role of the body in learning. Tracing the index finger over the surface of instructions while reading, an embodied pedagogy based on Montessori's sandpaper letters, may hold substantial promise for learning by reducing cognitive load. Two experiments tested whether students who traced their index fingers against paper‐based worked example instructions in triangle geometry (Experiment 1; N = 52) and order of operations (Experiment 2; N = 54) would perform better on a subsequent test than students who only studied the materials visually. Students in the tracing condition outperformed the non‐tracing condition on transfer problems in both Experiment 1 (d = .78) and Experiment 1 (d = .50), but hypotheses regarding self‐reports of cognitive load during testing were not supported. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
472.
Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的行为特征研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
使用修订行为特征问卷调查了112名Ⅱ型糖尿病患者和147名健康对照组。结果表明: 1.男性患者比健康人更加抑郁;2.女性患者比健康人更加焦虑、抑郁和愤怒;3.不论是男性 还是女性,此问卷可显著地区分这两组,越抑郁的人,越不焦虑的人,越缺少合理化这种心理 防御机制的人,越可能是糖尿病患者。结合其它的研究结果,认为存在着Ⅱ型糖尿病易感性 行为特征,主要表现为:高抑郁;低焦虑;对应激的唤醒水平低;不善于使用心理防御机制来 保护和伪装自己;寻找一些有趣的事情:回避痛苦事件;不善于延迟的满足,要求马上得到满 足;注意易分散等。 相似文献
473.
"命题推理"的心理学研究综述 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文在对“如果…,那么…”规则、“四卡问题”和“THOG”等三种有关“命题推理”领域的研究作了简要综述。 相似文献
474.
加速凋亡引入肿瘤的进程 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
细胞凋亡被引入肿瘤研究的实践,使人们走出对细胞无限增殖的困惑,开始关注增殖与调亡的平衡,从而找出一条攻克肿瘤的新途径,这是认识的一次飞跃。而进一步发展凋亡理论,确切地完全阐明凋亡机制,建立起理性的肿瘤凋亡基因疗法,用理论批导实践,将是认识的一次更大飞跃。鉴于这一过程的艰巨和复杂性,只有基础医学院理论和肿瘤临床密切合作,合力攻关,才能加速其进程,攻克这一危害人类的凶险顽症。 相似文献
475.
GT在作文评分误差控制中的初步应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
测量的可概括化理论(简称GT)是一种新的心理与教育测量理论。本文介绍了GT的基本原理和基本技术方法,并结合我国高中学生作文评分误差控制的实际需要,重点进行了GT在测量误差控制中的初步应用研究,提出了控制作文评分误差的建议与措施. 相似文献
476.
477.
Frank. B. Hu Brian R. Flay Donald Hedeker Ohidul Siddiqui L. Edward Day 《Journal of applied social psychology》1995,25(22):2018-2047
This research examines the relative importance of parental and friends' influences on adolescents' smoking behavior and changes in the effects of social influences during adolescence. Data were collected at 4 times from 7th to 9th grades. Random-effects ordinal regression models were employed to predict the repeated classification of adolescent smoking status using time effects, prior smoking status, friends' smoking, and parental smoking. In general, the effects of friends' smoking are stronger than those of parental smoking, and these differences increase over time. In addition, friends' smoking has greater effects on nonsmokers than smokers. Separate models for males and females disclose some gender differences. In particular, the effects of friends' smoking are stronger for females than for males, and the increasing trend of friends' influences is more noticeable for females than for males. Models for 4 ethnic groups also suggest differential susceptibility to social influences in different cultures. 相似文献
478.
479.
Motivation and Emotion - This project investigates four central issues concerning the nature of neutral affect. Specifically, whether neutral affect is (a) a common experience, (b) dependent on... 相似文献
480.
Family socioeconomic status (SES) has been frequently linked to children’s early development. Treating SES as an aggregated variable has many issues, as different components of SES may relate to child outcomes through divergent mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to examine whether parents’ engagement in home learning activities and children’s participation in extracurricular activities (EAs) would function as pathways through which individual SES components related to children’s school readiness. A total of 588 families with preschool‐aged children were recruited from Guangdong province in China. Children’s receptive vocabulary, Chinese reading, and early math skills were individually assessed at three time points, and children’s social skills were rated by parents. Parents reported their engagement in home learning activities with children and their children’s participation in EAs. The results showed that all three components of family SES were related to multiple aspects of children’s school readiness, but through different pathways. Parental income was related to children’s school readiness through EA participation only; parental education and occupational status were associated with school readiness via both parental engagement and child EA participation. The findings suggest that considering SES components separately will produce a more nuanced understanding of the divergent pathways through which family SES may relate to children’s school readiness. Chinese government may provide parent education programs focused on cognitive stimulation for low‐SES families to promote children’s school readiness. Furthermore, the government needs to ensure children’s equal access to EAs to prevent increasing the developmental gap among children from discrepant socioeconomic backgrounds. 相似文献