阅读知觉广度眼动研究述评

文章述评了测量阅读知觉广度的实验范式,并对阅读知觉广度的研究成果以及影响阅读知觉广度大小的因素进行小结,最后对国内研究阅读知觉广度需要注意的问题进行了讨论。     

人性结构与理想主义政治的困境

人性不止自然属性和社会属性两个层面,还包括介于两者之间而相对不变的"人的本性".因此,人性是一个包含三个层次的结构体人的本能、人的本性和人的本质.现实的政治实践应主要以前两个层次为依据,以此为基础的政治实践将能够比较顺利地实现其预定的目标.相反,如果一厢情愿地固持一种理想主义的政治理念,将不仅实现不了这种理想主义,甚至可能适得其反."文化大革命"改造人性的失败试验就是一个不该被忘记的教训.     

基督教关于成圣的思想及方法

基督教义中有关“成圣”的思想及其方法是指导基督徒意识形态的基本要素。“成圣”与终极关怀密切相关。本文阐述了新旧约圣经有关成圣的内容及多位有重要影响的神学家的观点,从而总结出基督教成圣的思想及成圣方法,继而找出基督教关于人生终极关怀(成圣)的路向。     

面子研究的社会心理取向述评

“面子”是丰富的中文词汇里一个古老的概念,熟悉得以至于让人熟视无睹。近些年来,香港、台湾地区、内地心理学者把面子、人情、关系等中国社会中极其普遍的现象,在抽象化层次上提炼成为社会心理学的重要研究范式。通过对面子心理的研究进行初步的回顾和梳理,展望其新的发展方向。     

小学儿童“互反可逆性“发展的研究

本文运用成分分析法研究经典的皮亚杰有关儿童“互反可逆性”的理论。     

公众的智力观──北京普通居民对智力看法的调查研究

本研究采用调查分折法,对城市普通居民的智力观念和对高智力者重要特征的评定情况作了调查。研究发现,在对高智力成人和高智力儿童重要特征的评定中,①前１０项儿童和成人的最重要特征中有五项是共同的,体现出高智力者的共有特征;②对儿童特征和成人特征重要性次序的评定不同,表现出对两者智力活动要求的不同,并且在不同年龄层的受调查者中有较大差异,③１５项成人高智力特征可以聚为思维开放性特征群,智力信息加工特征群和非认知因素特征群三类．研究结果表明：总体而言,城市普通居民的智力观念及对智力的理解与心理专家的看法有相似之处,并且与现代认知心理学的智力观有一定的一致性。     

Developing agency through good work: Longitudinal effects of job autonomy and skill utilization on locus of control

An internal locus of control has benefits for individuals across multiple life domains. Nevertheless, whether it is possible to enhance an individual's internal locus of control has rarely been considered. The authors propose that the presence of job autonomy and skill utilization in work can enhance internal locus of control, both directly and indirectly via job satisfaction. Three waves of data over a four-year period from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (N = 3045) were analyzed. Results showed that job autonomy directly shaped internal locus of control over time, as did job satisfaction. Skill utilization did not play a role in terms of affecting locus of control, and the indirect effects of both job autonomy and skill utilization via job satisfaction were weak. This study suggests the importance of job autonomy in promoting the development of an employee's internal locus of control.     

论管仲出生于公元前723年

以管仲出生地口碑相传的文史资料为假说,运用民俗学、历法史和天文学方法,论证管仲的生年、生月、生日和生时。     

Claiming a large slice of a small pie: asymmetric disconfirmation in negotiation

Three studies show that negotiators consistently underestimate the size of the bargaining zone in distributive negotiations (the small-pie bias) and, by implication, overestimate the share of the surplus they claim (the large-slice bias). The authors explain the results by asymmetric disconfirmation: Negotiators with initial estimates of their counterpart's reservation price that are "inside" the bargaining zone tend to behave consistently with these estimates, which become self-fulfilling, whereas negotiators with initial "outside" estimates revise their perceptions in the face of strong disconfirming evidence. Asymmetric disconfirmation can produce a population-level bias, even when initial perceptions are accurate on average. The authors suggest that asymmetric disconfirmation has implications for confirmation bias and self-fulfilling-prophecy research in social perception.